The Writer' s Guide to Prepositions

The world’s many languages are not the result of logical design. They evo l ved out of cul- ture and tradition. When ever linguists have tried to impose order on wayward usage, the vernacular has always won out in the end. Which perhaps explains the failure of Esperanto to take root. It was not born of the people. It has no music, no soul.

PREPOSITIONARY  .       The Writer's Guide to Prepositions © “The one and only Prepositionary ” The Writer's Guide to Prepositions © Graphic Design: Mélissa Laniel & Zac Harris Copyright © 1988 by Charles N. Prieur and Elizabeth C. Speyer All rights reserved PREPOSITIONARY      - The Writer's Guide to Prepositions © “The one and only Prepositionary ” “Many times one preposition might seem logically just as right as another. And it is only that tyrannical, capricious, utterly incalcu- lable thing, idiomatic usage, which has decreed that this preposi- tion must be used in the case, and that in another...” LO G A N PE A R S A L L S M I T H - “WO R D S AND I D I O M S” “Prepositions... cause more difﬁculty... than any other aspect of the English language.” J.B. H E ATO N - “P R E P O S I T I O N S AND A DV E R B I A L PA RT I C L E S” “No parts of speech must be used more exactly than connectives (prepositions)...” R. V O O R H E E S - “H A N D B O O K OF P R E P O S I T I O N S” “The proper preposition is a matter of idiom; and idioms, if they do not come “naturally”, must either be learned or looked up.” TH E O D O R E M. B E R N T E I N - “T H E C A R E F U L W R I T E R ” Note: We are indebted to all those we have quoted in our 'pre p o s i t i o n a ry'. We have attempted to re t u rn the f a vour by not only mentioning the authors of the quotations, but the sources as well; thus encouraging our readers to read, or refer to, their work s . PREFACE D URING his long career in advertising, much of it as a writer, Charles Prieur often reached in vain for an ‘instant help’ reference work on the use of English prepositions -- one of the trickiest aspects of the language. He began collecting examples of right preposition use in the course of his reading. And, as the file expanded to vast proportions, he asked himself: "Why not a book?" But the book kept being deferred, until a mutual friend introduced him to Elizabeth Speyer, whose career was education. In her work at the Centre for the Study and Teaching of Writing, at the Faculty of Education of McGill University, Elizabeth had found that preposition use baffled students, especially those new to the language. Preposition choice is capricious, related to meaning and nuance, and largely based on custom. Together, Charles and Elizabeth decided to organize a guide to prepositions in a handy dictio- nary format, listing thousands of the most common words that present difficulty. The name "prepositionary" suggested itself. Interspersed among the mundane examples in the Prepositionary are quotations from many sources: snippets of information, philosophy, and humour. We are confident "The Writer’s Guide to Prepositions" will prove both very helpful and very easy to use. It was designed to be so. Abbreviations used for quick reference: n = noun a = adjective v = verb vv = versatile verb. In other words: the verb in ques- tion can be followed by a variety of prepositions, whichever best describes the action that follows. This is particularly true of any verb that suggests motion, such as walk, run, crawl, creep, inch, hide, etc. A SPECIAL NOTE ... T HE world’s many languages are not the result of logical design. They evolved out of cul- ture and tradition. Whenever linguists have tried to impose order on wayward usage, the vernacular has always won out in the end. Which perhaps explains the failure of Esperanto to take root. It was not born of the people. It has no music, no soul. From approximately 50,000 words in the 16th century, English now greets the new millennium with an estimated 750,000 words. Although technology has prompted much of this increase, it is the readiness of the language to assimilate useful words from other cultures that has nourished its growth over the centuries. The Writer’s Guide to Prepositions will prove invaluable, if good speech and lucid writing mat- ter to you. Our ‘prepositionary’ offers you more than 10,000 examples of the right preposition, for the exact meaning you want to convey. The word preposition itself says that it pre-positions the thought or action that follows. For a good example of this, consider the phrase: gathering in the corn. If gathering means harvesting, then in is an adverb, not a preposition, because it adds to the verb. If, however, gathering means assembling, then in is a preposition, because it pre-positions where people are meeting, i.e. in the corn. Prepositions are not to be trifled with. The collision of two 747s in 1997, killing 583 people, resulted from a misunderstanding over the preposition at. "At take-off" was understood by the air controller to mean that the plane was waiting at the take-off point; and not that it was actu- ally taking off. Using a wrong preposition will not often have such tragic consequences. But using the right preposition will always be a source of satisfaction, and speak well of one’s writing competence. ABATE - ABSENT 10 A ABATE ABILITY The cleaning women are abating the noise of their vacuum His ability at chess was exceptional. cleaners by plugging their ears with cotton batten. His ability with darts was a byword in every pub in We can abate the smoke nuisance by half. England. His anger will abate in intensity when he learns of your cooperation. ABOUND Her pain was abated by a strong drug. “Colonialism . . abounded in ﬂags, exotic uniforms, His voice suddenly abated to a whisper. splendid ceremonies, Durbars, sunset-guns, trade exhibitions . . postage stamps and, above all, coloured ABBREVIATE maps.” (Paul Johnson, A History of the Modern World) She automatically abbreviates my written speeches by Rocks abound under the soil. cutting out the ﬁrst paragraph; almost always, for the This lake abounds with ﬁsh. better. I promise you: it is abounding with game of all sorts. The exam was abbreviated by omitting an entire section. She abbreviated his whole diatribe to one word: NO! ABREAST He was abbreviating the message with great skill. I like to keep abreast of the latest news. ABHORRENCE ABSCOND We share an abhorrence of sloppy writing. The boy absconded from the reformatory with the warden’s credit cards. ABHORRENT He will abscond with the funds; I guarantee it. This idea is abhorrent to reason. ABSENCE ABIDANCE The student’s absence from class resulted in a failing grade. Abidance by the regulations is obligatory. “The dolphin can report the absence of objects, as well as their presence.” (Louis Herman, Omni mag.) ABIDE “Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear — not absence of fear.” (Mark Twain) She is abiding by (i.e. sticking to) our agreement. He promised to abide by (i.e. adhere to) the rules of ABSENT grammar. Do you intend to abide (i.e. dwell) in this part of the “God is absent from the world, except in the existence in country. this world of those in whom His love is alive . . Their compassion is the visible presence of God here below.” “Abide with (i.e. remain faithful to) me! ” says the (Simone Weil, Gateway to God) psalmist. 11 ABSENTEE - ACCESSIBLE A ABSENTEE connections.” (Sharon Begley with John Carey and Ray Sawhill, Newsweek mag., Feb. 7, ‘83) He was a conspicuous absentee from the morning drill. ACCEDE ABSOLVE “There are over 60 covenants on human rights . . China She was absolved from her obligation. has acceded to 17 and the United States to 15 of them.” The bishop absolved him of his sins. (rare) (Qian Qichan, Time mag., Aug. 11, ’97) When the monarch died, his eldest son acceded to (i.e. ABSORB inherited) the throne. Nutriment may be absorbed by plants into their system through their roots. ACCEPT Plants absorb moisture from the air. Having been accepted as an accountant, he ‘moled’ his “When iron is absorbed in the small intestine, it is way into the secret organization. immediately joined to the protein transferrin, which His credentials have been accepted by the company. shuttles it through the bloodstream, shielding tissues from “The computer can accept data only in a highly its harmful effects.” (Terence Monmaney, Discover mag.) structured (digital) form.” She is absorbing all that information in small bites. (British Medical Bulletin, Oxford English Dictionary) “Between 1867 and 1899, Canada absorbed 1.6 million I accept (i.e. agree) to do that, but on one condition. immigrants into a population at Confederation of barely “Legacies, or children of alumni, are three times more three million.” (Andrew Coyne, The Next City mag.) likely to be accepted (i.e. admitted) to Harvard than other high school graduates with the same (sometimes better) ABSTAIN scores.” (Michael Lind, Harper’s mag.) True science teaches us to doubt and to abstain from ignorance. ACCEPTANCE “The assertion ﬁnds acceptance in every rank of society.” ABSTINENCE (M. Faraday, Oxford English Dictionary) The negative side of virtue is abstinence from vice. “The only real freedom is in order, in an acceptance of boundaries.” (Peter Ustinov) ABSTRACT (V) To ascertain the truth, it was necessary to abstract (i.e. ACCESS (N) remove) a good deal from his account of the proceedings. “Each animal was kept in a small room, with access to an outdoor exercise area.” (National Geographic) ABUT The lane abuts against (i.e. runs alongside) the railroad. ACCESS (V) The house abuts (i.e. fronts) on the street. He accessed (i.e. made his way into) the house by (or His property abuts (i.e. borders) upon mine. through) a window. I know she will access (i.e. enter) his apartment with the stolen key. ABUZZ “The brain contains between 10 billion and 100 billion ACCESSIBLE neurons, each forming bridges to so many others that the brain is abuzz with as many as 1 quadrillion The fortress was accessible (i.e. approachable) from the seacoast only. A ACCESSION - ACCOUNT 12 He was as accessible (i.e. available) to the humblest as he ACCOMPANY was to his peers. The child was accompanied (i.e. escorted) by her mother. She accompanied (i.e. went with) him on all his travels. ACCESSION (N) Let me accompany (i.e. escort) you to the door. The accession (i.e. addition) of 90 new students He accompanied (i.e. supplemented) his speech with overcrowded the school. gestures. The populace rejoiced at the prince’s accession to (i.e. assumption of) the throne. ACCOMPLICE ACCESSION (V) He was an accomplice (i.e. partner in crime) in the murder of the diplomat. “This skull was the oldest of its type ever found (2.5 to The police are searching for the two accomplices (i.e. 2.6 million years old). It was accessioned (i.e. recorded) associates in wrongdoing) of the thief. under the number KNM-WT 17000 in the National Museums of Kenya.” (Pat Shipman, Discovery) ACCOMPLISH ACCESSORY She was accomplished (i.e. skilled) in all the social arts. She accomplished (i.e. performed) the difﬁcult task with A person who conceals a crime is an accessory after the speed and efﬁciency. fact. A person who incites another to commit a felony is considered to be an accessory before the fact. ACCORD (N) Though he escaped punishment, he was an accessory to They were all in accord with his decision. the crime. ACCORD (V) ACCIDENT Wordsworth mentioned the glimpses of eternity accorded Her wealth was due to an accident (i.e. happenstance) of (i.e. granted) to saints. birth. The victim’s account of the accident accords (i.e. agrees) An accident (i.e. mishap) to the machinery halted with yours. production. ACCORDING ACCLIMATIZE “Corrosion costs America $70 billion each year, She quickly became acclimatized to the new conditions. according to the National Bureau of Standards.” He is acclimatizing himself to desert conditions. (The Economist, 1988) ACCOMMODATE ACCOUNT They were accommodated (i.e. given lodging) at the He gave an accurate account of his adventures. newly-refurbished Ritz hotel. His staff was usually accommodated (i.e. lodged) in motels. ACCOUNT We were forced to accommodate (i.e. adapt) ourselves to “The Columbia (river) and its tributaries account for our circumstances. (i.e. produce) one-third of all hydroelectric power She was always ready to accommodate (i.e. oblige) a generated in the United States.” friend with a loan. (William Least Heat Moon, Blue Highways) 13 ACCOUNTABLE - ACQUIT A “The Higgs boson accounts (i.e. is responsible) for the ACCUSE origin of all mass in the universe.” The foreman accused the worker of carelessness. (Larry Gonick, Discover mag.) The bank clerk had to account to (or with) his superiors every Tuesday. ACCUSTOM You will simply have to accustom yourself to his habits. ACCOUNTABLE “I’ve grown accustomed to her face.” (words of a song) Man is accountable for his acts. I’m slowly accustoming myself to this simpler way of life. He likes to pretend that he is accountable to no one. ACQUAINT ACCRETE The couple became acquainted through mutual friends. “The poor live in . . the makeshift, vertical barrio that has Please acquaint him with your plan. accreted to suspension cables of the bridge.” (William Gibson) ACQUAINTANCE Clubs foster acquaintance between people with similar ACCRETION values. “They jettisoned . . the embarrassing accretions from their She is anxious to make the acquaintance of any person past.” (Paul Johnson) who shares her interests. His book is an accretion of casual writings. ACQUIESCE ACCRUE “You’re bound to acquiesce in his judgment, whatsoever Many advantages accrue (i.e. arise) from the freedom of may be your private opinion.” the press. (Oxford English Dictionary) All proceeds will accrue (i.e. accumulate and go) by Note: The use of to and with is obsolete natural advantage) to him. (Oxford English Dictionary) ACCUMULATE ACQUIRE “In August 1986, bubbles of carbon dioxide He will acquire it by hook or by crook. accumulating at the bottom of (Lake Nyos in Cameroon) They acquired most of their mercenaries from Germany. . . burst to the surface; a blanket of dense carbon dioxide “One year into the First World War, Britain had to and water vapor spread over nearby villages, killing cattle acquire 32,000 pairs of German binoculars, through a and 1,700 people.” (Discover mag., Oct. 1988) Swiss intermediary.” (John Grigg, The Spectator reviewing I’m accumulating stamps for my nephew in a large album. First World War by Martin Gilbert) Your discards are accumulating into quite a pile. The maple leaves had accumulated under the porch. ACQUIT The defendant was acquitted by the jury. ACCURATE The jury acquitted the man of the alleged crime. You must be accurate in your calculations. By acquitting the executive of all blame, the tribunal dealt “Today’s best atomic clocks are accurate to one part in 10 a serious blow to the company’s morale. to the 14th power; but a super-cooled atomic clock should be 10,000 times more accurate).” (The Economist) A ACT - ADEPT 14 ACT (VV) A child adapts very quickly to his/her surroundings. She was adapting unconsciously to his body language. “A part of the brain called the hypothalamus acts as the body’s thermostat.” (Robert M. Sapolsky, Discover mag., 1990) Why don’t you act for him? ADD You are acting in a manner that invites criticism. I will also add a ribbon for the effect. “DNA is a long molecule that contains information on “The burning of Earth’s rain forests . . not only adds the way four different components are strung together carbon dioxide to the atmosphere but also removes the like beads on a string. Thus, they act like letters in an trees that would have absorbed it. The result is an alphabet. The sequence of those letters forms sentences accumulation of heat-reﬂecting gases and an overall called ‘genes’.” (David Suzuki, Montreal Gazette) warming of the planet — the greenhouse effect.” “Interlukin-1 acts on the body’s central thermostat, (Jonathan Schell, Discover mag.) causing a fever, which may depress viral activity and When she added baby’s breath to the bouquet of roses, the enhance the immune response.” (Leon Jaroff, Time mag.) effect was magic. Act towards him as you do towards his sister. He was adding insult to injury by not acknowledging her The gastric juice acts upon the food we swallow. presence. He always acted with decision. That adds up to an insult, my friend. Note: As for all VVs, this versatile verb can be followed by a variety of prepositions, whichever best describes the ADDICT (V) action that follows. She was addicted to the music of Mozart. What kind of monsters addict children to nicotine? ACTIVE They were addicting underage girls to morphine. Storefront lawyers are active in the cause of justice. Drug dealers are very active on that street. ADDICTION Mother Theresa is active with her sister nuns in obtaining I shared his addiction to Sherlock Holmes mysteries. relief for the poor. One gland in particular becomes active under stress. ADDRESS (N) She showed great address in dealing with her opponents. ACTUATE He exhibited the address of an accomplished intriguer. She was actuated by compulsive curiosity. He actuates the light with a snap of his ﬁnger. ADDRESS (V) The boy was actuating the car’s starter with a stolen key. “Eric Gill solaced himself by instructing his apprentices to address him as ‘Master’.” (The Economist mag.) ADAMANT The president addressed (i.e. spoke to) the people in a “Yes, he was adamant on that.” (John Le Carré) voice laden with sorrow. She addressed (i.e. directed) her remarks to the legislature. ADAPT He was addressing her as Mrs. Ames long before she The gun was adapted for use in hand-to-hand ﬁghting. married him. His invention was adapted from an idea conceived by his father. ADEPT “Natural selection cannot anticipate the future and can She is adept at getting out of trouble. adapt organisms only to challenges of the moment.” The parliamentarian was adept in the cut and thrust of (Stephen Jay Gould, Discover mag., Oct. ‘96) debate. 15 ADEQUATE - ADVANTAGE A ADEQUATE ADMIT His skills are barely adequate for the job. They have admitted (i.e. accepted) me into their ranks. He proved adequate to the situation. His problem did not admit of (i.e. permit) a solution. When will they admit you to (i.e. allow you to take) the ADHERE bar exams? Paint adheres best to a clean, dry surface. Confessing your crime to a priest is quite different from admitting it to the police. Some of this food is adhering to the pan like glue. “Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their ADOPT enemies, giving them aid and comfort.” The players adopted it as their mascot. (Article 111, Section 3, Constitution of the United States) He adopted little Harry with trepidation. ADHERENCE ADORN His adherence to the cause proved to be his downfall. If you let him, he’ll adorn the statue of David with a ﬁg leaf. The emperor adorned his castle with the spoils of war. ADHERENT He is an adherent of the Conservative Party. ADRIFT Adherents to Luther’s principles were called Protestants. The boat was cut adrift from its moorings. Our skiff is adrift on the lake. ADJACENT The two men’s farms are adjacent to each other. ADVANCE (N) “Every great advance in science has issued from a new ADJUST audacity of imagination.” Just give me time and I’ll adjust to this new life. (John Dewey, Forbes mag., 1970) She adjusted to theatrical life like a born trooper. That’s certainly an advance on last year’s proposal. “Without gravity, the heart begins to relax, adjusting to its lower work load by slowing down and shrinking.” ADVANCE (V) (David Noland, Discover mag.) He worked very hard to advance himself in his profession. I regret to report they advanced on the city last night. ADMINISTER He kept advancing on her, and she kept backing away. She administered (i.e. dealt) a polite rebuff to the pushy Our football advanced to the 30-yard line this time. salesman. Let’s advance toward the town tonight. She administers (i.e. manages) our head ofﬁce with a ﬁrm hand and an even temper. ADVANTAGE She has the advantage of Mrs. Jones, who is ADMIRATION impoverished. (British) “I take place to no man in my admiration for Dan I would take advantage of that situation, if I were you. Rather.” (James Brady, Advertising Age) You have the advantage over me ; I don’t know you. “The prince . . is the admiration of the whole court.” (North American) (The Oxford Universal Dictionary) The advantage to him was plain. A ADVANTAGEOUS - AFOUL 16 ADVANTAGEOUS AFFECT It would be advantageous for them to buy time, but not The vibrations are affecting her at night, after she has for me. gone to sleep. That’s certainly advantageous to us. He is affected by bad weather. “Psychological conditions affect the welfare of people ADVERSE through the immune system.” (Rita Levi-Montalcini) Being adverse to a person or a thing reﬂects opposition. Bach’s music affects me in my innermost being. ADVERT AFFILIATE (N) Mac then adverted to last year’s disaster. The department store is an afﬁliate of a nation-wide chain. I’m adverting to what you told me last night. AFFILIATE (V) ADVERTISE The group decided to afﬁliate with the national In the early 1930s . . when Amtorg, the Soviet trading association. agency, advertised for 1000 skilled workers, more than 100,000 Americans applied. Note: with (American); to (British) She is now advertising her language school on Internet. He took every opportunity to advertise her in Vogue AFFINITY magazine. There is a strong afﬁnity between music and dancing. I would advertise this product to the 20-to-35 age group. “An afﬁnity for is conﬁned to scientiﬁc usage. One substance is said to have an afﬁnity for another when it ADVICE has a tendency to unite with it.” (Frederick T. Wood, English Prepositional Idioms, published My advice to you is to avoid confrontation. by MACMILLAN) “When Père Armand David, the great French explorer- ADVISE priest, acquired the Western world’s ﬁrst great panda in I will advise (i.e. inform) him by letter of the loss of the ship. 1869, he never doubted its evident afﬁnity with bears.” Our experts are here to advise (i.e. counsel) you on any (Stephen Jay Gould, Discovery) Note: Never to computer problem. AFFIX ADVOCATE (N) So why don’t you afﬁx (i.e. attach) this to your will? He was the principal advocate for the huge conglomerate. They’re afﬁxing this warning sign to every trailer in the The new political candidate is an advocate of electoral country. reform. “We have an advocate with the Father.” (1 John ii.1.) AFFLICT FM stereo was the only high-ﬁdelity audio medium ADVOCATE (V) afﬂicted with background noise. As a lawyer, he advocates for (i.e. defends) a number of Afﬂicting us with his presence, the politician proceeded blue chip ﬁrms. to monopolize the conversation. The soap box orator was advocating (i.e. recommending) group action to his only listener. AFOUL He was often afoul of the law. 17 AFRAID - ALERT A AFRAID “An intellectual is not necessarily a man who is intelligent, but someone who agrees with other He was afraid of his own shadow. intellectuals.” (Edward Teller, Discovery mag.) She was afraid to walk home in the dark. “They agree (i.e. reconcile) their budgets with their accountants every six months.” (The Economist) AGE (N) Can you believe it? She’s agreeing with everybody. You can’t get married in that country under the age of eighteen. AGREEABLE I am agreeable to your plan of action. AGE (V) I have the Christmas pudding ageing in wine. AGREEMENT That meat is aged to perfection. I am in full agreement with you. AGGRIEVED AIM She was aggrieved at being overlooked for the part. “As late as 1931, the United States had a war plan aimed They were aggrieved by the attitude of their relatives. at the British Empire, ‘Navy Basic Plan Red’.” (Paul Johnson: A History of the Modern World) AGHAST The girl aimed for the target but broke a window instead. They were aghast at his negligence in the matter. “The reason laser light works so well in everything from CD players to surgery is that it’s ‘coherent’— that is, AGITATE ordinary separate photons of light merge to make one powerful light wave that can be aimed with terriﬁc She spent her life agitating for equality. precision.” (Discover mag., July 1998) We will agitate for a new contract starting tomorrow. AKIN AGOG The tribes are akin in their warlike nature. They were all agog about the latest gossip. Your words were akin to a slap in the face. AGONIZE ALARM (V) They are agonizing over the scathing review. I am alarmed at the present state of affairs. She agonized with him throughout the dismal third act. The parents were alarmed by the rise in crime in their neighbourhood. AGREE The child was constantly alarming us by running a fever. They agree about that, but nothing else. Do not alarm me with these possible disasters. They agreed among themselves. “The principles to be agreed by all.” ALARM (N) (Bacon, The Oxford Universal Dictionary) My alarm at the news that soldiers were approaching He agrees on the course to be taken. We’re sure she will spread like wildﬁre. agree to that. “History,” said Napoleon, “is a set of collectively agreed ALERT (A) upon lies.” The squirrel is very alert in its movements. A ALERT - ALLOW 18 “Phagocytes (white blood cells) constantly scour the ALIVE territories of our bodies alert to anything that seems out The painter was at the top of his form, alive in every ﬁber of place. What they ﬁnd, they engulf and consume.” of his being. (Peter Jaret, National Geographic/Reader’s Digest) The missionary’s religion was founded on the conviction that we should be alive to every noble impulse. ALERT (V) Her eyes were alive with hope. I had to alert him to the danger. ALLEGIANCE ALIEN (A) The leaders depended upon the allegiance of the citizens The segregation of the blacks in South Africa was alien to to the legitimate government. democratic principles. ALLIANCE ALIEN (N) The United Nations was designed to eradicate the need They claimed to have seen an alien from the planet Venus. for military alliances between and among nations. The Indian chief made an alliance with the neighboring ALIENATE tribe for the defense of their respective lands. She was alienated from her own society by its treatment of the unfortunate. ALLOCATE He alienates (i.e. turns off) everyone by talking down to They allocated their resources to new tasks. them. Canada is allocating her extra wheat to North Korea. They’re alienating (i.e. disaffecting) the whole world by bullying that small nation. ALLOT “Enemy property was alienated (i.e. transferred) during the war.” (World Book Dictionary) The director was authorized to allot (i.e. allocate) extra funds to the company for the speciﬁc purpose of completing the railroad link. ALIGHT “Ten years I will allot (i.e. apportion) to the attainment of He is alighting (i.e. getting off ) at every bus stop along knowledge.” (S. Johnson, O.E.D.) the way. A certain amount of food was alloted (i.e. allocated) to She alighted from (i.e. got out of) her car and ran into the each platoon. house. How much of that shipment are you allotting (i.e. The robin alights (i.e. lands) on that mailbox every allocating) to me? morning. ALLOW ALIGN Astronomers, in their calculations, must allow (i.e. make Germany was aligned with Japan in World War II. provisions) for the pull of gravity. I think Jordan is aligning herself with Iraq this time. The researcher is willing to allow of (i.e. permit) other He would rather align himself with me than against me. hypotheses. He allowed (i.e. granted) 10% of his annual income to ALIKE each of his wives. The specimens are alike in kind. 19 ALLUDE - AMOUNT A ALLUDE AMALGAM This passage in the Bible evidently alludes to the Jewish The plan was an amalgam of sound ideas and foolish Passover. notions. ALLURE AMALGAMATE Allured by hope of gain, the prospectors risked their lives He amalgamated the gold and silver into an alloy. on the mountain pass. They decided to amalgamate with the larger company. It was hoped that the promise of heaven would allure She is amalgamating her plans with his. people from evil to good. AMASS ALLY He amassed a large fortune by fair means and foul for the The quarreling states at last decided to ally against their purpose of exerting political control. common enemy. In his mind, this treaty was allied to territorial expansion. AMATEUR (Federico Garcia) The boy was an amateur (i.e. not an expert) at chess. “Lorca understood that any artist who allied himself too closely with a political ideology died as an artist, became He remained an amateur among professional athletes by little more than a talented propagandist.” never accepting a salary. (Neil Bissoondath, Montreal Gazette) Although she has had every opportunity to study, she He is allying himself with anyone who buys him a drink. remains an amateur (i.e. a dilettante) in the arts. You ally yourself to things, but with people. He was an amateur of (i.e. had a fondness for) the more exotic sports. ALOOF AMAZE He stood aloof from the rest of his family. He was amazed (i.e. surprised) at the crowd. She used to be rather aloof with strangers. She was amazed (i.e. bewildered) by his magic skills. The gymnast was constantly amazing us with his feats of ALTERING contortion. “By 2040, the altering of genetic material in embryo could eliminate more than 3000 genetically-derived AMAZEMENT diseases.” (Life mag.) I was ﬁlled with amazement at such reckless daring. ALTERNATE AMENABLE He alternated between scolding and praising. Here, ﬂoods alternate with droughts. The problem is not amenable to mathematical analysis. ALTERNATIVE AMOUNT (N) We were given the alternatives of leaving town or being What is the amount of her bill for groceries? shot. “The alternative to functioning mitochondria (such as AMOUNT (V) those in the human cell) is called death.” That amounts to very little in practical terms. (David Clayton, molecular biologist, Discover mag.) A AMPLIFY - ANIMUS 20 AMPLIFY ANGER The professor was requested to amplify his lectures by Anger at the insult prompted his acid reply. illustrating them. Anger toward the offender exaggerates the offense. The lecturer ampliﬁed on so many themes, that the audience lost the gist of his presentation. ANGLE (N) “The navigator sites himself in global terms, even AMUSE universal ones, measuring the angles between his ship He was amused at the bird’s efforts to escape and the equator, the sun, the stars and the hypothetical The children were highly amused by the clown’s antics. meridian which stretches north and south from Amuse the baby with that rattle. Greenwich to the poles.” (Jonathan Raban, Coasting) ANAGRAM ANGLE (V) His pen name is an anagram of his real name. “I was too busy trying to angle (i.e. direct) the bow of the boat into the next wave to be frightened.” (Jonathan Raban, Coasting) ANALOGOUS “For some years now, the Soviet Union has been angling “Einstein’s observations on the way in which, in certain (i.e. trying slyly) to detach Japan from the western powers.” circumstances, lengths appeared to contract and clocks (London Times, World Book Dictionary) to slow down, are analogous to the effects of perspective “Whether angling (i.e. ﬁshing) for big ones or going after in painting.” bream in a lake, good ﬁshing is only minutes away from (Paul Johnson, A History of the Modern World) most Southern cities.” (Time mag., Oxford English Dictionary) ANALOGY There’s an analogy (i.e. equivalency) between the military ANGRY careers of Hitler and Stalin. I was not so much angry with her as at what she had “The child is the analogy (i.e. simile) of a people yet in done. childhood.” (Lytton) Note: It’s angry with a person, but at a thing. He explained an electrical current by drawing an analogy Get angry about the political corruption you observe. (i.e. comparison) with a ﬂow of water through a pipe. Some still bear a remote analogy with (resemblance to) ANIMADVERT their Mongolian ancestors. The critic was wont to animadvert on (or upon) ANALYSIS untrained performers. They made an analysis of the situation before proceeding. ANIMATE ANATHEMA His remark was animated (i.e. motivated) by malice. The teacher animated (i.e. enlivened) the lesson with An unorthodox approach is anathema to many in the arts. witty comments. ANCHOR ANIMUS After anchoring his boat by the buoy, he swam to shore. His animus against the Church was obvious to everyone. I will anchor the barge near the boathouse. The boat seemed to be anchored to its own shadow.

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