Oracle Real Application Clusters
The Oracle Real Application Clusters Administrator's Guide also describes how to use the
Server Control (SRVCTL) utility to start and stop the database and instances, manage
configuration information, and to delete or move instances and services. You can also
use the appendix to resolve various RAC tools error and informational messages. A
troubleshooting section describes how to interpret the content of various RAC-specific
log files. In addition to this book, the Oracle Real Application Clusters Deployment and
Performance Guide is on the Server Documentation CD and the Oracle Real Application
Clusters Installation and Configuration Guide is on your platform CD as described
under the following headings:...
Oracle® Real Application Clusters
Administrator’s Guide
10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part No. B10765-02
June 2004
Oracle Real Application Clusters Administrator's Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part No. B10765-02
Copyright © 1998, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Primary Authors: David Austin, Mark Bauer
Contributing Authors: Jonathan Creighton, Rajiv Jayaraman, Raj Kumar, Dayong Liu, Venkat Maddali,
Michael Salinas, Sudheendra Sampath, Cathy Shea, Khethavath P. Singh
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Contents
Send Us Your Comments ........................................................................................................................ ix
Preface ................................................................................................................................................................. xi
Audience....................................................................................................................................................... xi
Documentation Accessibility ..................................................................................................................... xi
Structure ...................................................................................................................................................... xii
Related Documents ................................................................................................................................... xiii
Conventions ............................................................................................................................................... xiii
What’s New in RAC Administration? ............................................................................................. xvii
Oracle Database 10g New Features for Real Application Clusters Administration....................... xvii
1 Introduction to RAC Administration
Real Application Clusters Documentation Overview ...................................................................... 1-1
Oracle Real Application Clusters Deployment and Performance Guide .................................. 1-1
Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation and Configuration Guide and Oracle Real
Application Clusters Quick Installation Guide 1-2
Introduction to Administering Real Application Clusters .............................................................. 1-2
Administering Real Application Clusters ........................................................................................... 1-2
Database Instance Management and Database Administration in RAC ...................................... 1-2
Storage Management in Real Application Clusters .......................................................................... 1-3
Administering Services in Real Application Clusters ...................................................................... 1-3
Additional Real Application Clusters Administrative Topics ........................................................ 1-3
Overview of Using Enterprise Manager with Real Application Clusters .................................... 1-3
2 Administering Database Instances in Cluster Databases
Database Component Overview ........................................................................................................... 2-1
Overview of Real Application Clusters Management Tools ........................................................... 2-1
Overview of Administering Real Application Clusters with Enterprise Manager .................. 2-2
Overview of Administering Real Application Clusters with SQL*Plus .................................... 2-2
Overview of Administering Real Application Clusters with SRVCTL...................................... 2-2
Starting and Stopping Instances and Real Application Clusters Databases................................ 2-2
Starting up and Shutting down with Enterprise Manager .......................................................... 2-3
Starting up and Shutting down with SQL*Plus ............................................................................ 2-4
Starting up and Shutting down with SRVCTL ............................................................................. 2-5
iii
Overview of Initialization Parameter Files in Real Application Clusters .................................... 2-5
Setting Server Parameter File Parameter Values for Real Application Clusters ...................... 2-6
Exporting the Server Parameter File for Backward Compatibility............................................. 2-7
Initialization Parameter Use in Real Application Clusters.............................................................. 2-7
Parameters that Must Have Identical Settings on All Instances ................................................. 2-7
Parameters That Must Have Unique Settings on All Instances .................................................. 2-8
Summary of Parameter Use in Real Application Clusters Databases ........................................... 2-8
Backing Up the Server Parameter File............................................................................................... 2-10
3 Administering Storage
Overview of Storage in Oracle Real Application Clusters .............................................................. 3-1
Automatic Storage Management ..................................................................................................... 3-1
Automatic Storage Management Components in RAC ............................................................... 3-2
Modifying Disk Group Configurations for ASM in RAC ............................................................ 3-2
Administering ASM Instances and ASM Disk Groups with Enterprise Manager in RAC..... 3-2
Administering ASM Instances with SRVCTL in RAC ................................................................. 3-2
Datafile Access in Real Application Clusters ................................................................................. 3-3
Redo Log File Storage in Real Application Clusters ..................................................................... 3-3
Automatic Undo Management in Real Application Clusters...................................................... 3-4
Switching Undo Tablespaces for Instances in Real Application Clusters ................................. 3-4
Administering the Oracle Cluster Registry in Real Application Clusters ................................. 3-4
Administering the Oracle Cluster Registry with OCR Exports .................................................. 3-7
The ocrconfig Tool Command Syntax and Options...................................................................... 3-7
Implementing the Oracle Hardware Assisted Resilient Data Initiative for the OCR .............. 3-8
Upgrading and Downgrading the OCR Configuration in Real Application Clusters ............ 3-8
Importing and Exporting Cluster Database Configuration Information with SRVCONFIG... 3-8
4 Administering Services
Services and High Availability in Real Application Clusters ......................................................... 4-1
Using Services in Real Application Clusters Environments........................................................ 4-1
Adding and Modifying Services ........................................................................................................... 4-2
Using the DBCA to Add and Modify Services .............................................................................. 4-2
Changing VIP Addresses .................................................................................................................. 4-3
Automatic Restarts after Failures .......................................................................................................... 4-3
Administering Services with Enterprise Manager and SRVCTL ................................................... 4-4
Administering Services in Real Application Clusters with Enterprise Manager ..................... 4-4
Administering Services in Real Application Clusters with SRVCTL ........................................ 4-5
5 Adding and Deleting Nodes and Instances
Overview of Node Addition Procedures ............................................................................................. 5-1
Step 1: Connecting New Nodes to the Cluster ................................................................................... 5-2
Making Physical Connections .......................................................................................................... 5-2
Installing Operating System ............................................................................................................. 5-2
Creating Oracle Users........................................................................................................................ 5-2
Checking the Installation .................................................................................................................. 5-2
Step 2: Extending Clusterware and Oracle Software to New Nodes ............................................. 5-3
iv
Adding Nodes at the Vendor Clusterware Layer (UNIX only) .................................................. 5-3
Adding Nodes at the Oracle Clusterware Layer (UNIX and Windows) ................................... 5-3
Step 3: Preparing Storage for RAC on New Nodes............................................................................ 5-6
Raw Device Storage Preparation for New Nodes ......................................................................... 5-6
Step 4: Adding Nodes at the Oracle RAC Database Layer............................................................... 5-8
Step 5: Adding Database Instances to New Nodes ........................................................................ 5-10
Updating Path Environment Variables on New Nodes on Windows-Based Systems ......... 5-12
Connecting to iSQL*Plus after Adding a Node on Windows-Based Platforms ................... 5-12
Adding Nodes that Already Have Clusterware and Oracle Software to a Cluster .................. 5-12
Adding a Node on a Shared Oracle Home.................................................................................. 5-13
Deleting Instances from Real Application Clusters Databases ................................................... 5-13
Deleting Nodes from Oracle Clusters on UNIX-Based Systems ................................................. 5-14
ASM Instance Clean-Up Procedures for Node Deletion ........................................................... 5-15
Deleting Nodes from Oracle Clusters on Windows-Based Platforms ........................................ 5-16
ASM Instance Cleanup Procedures after Node Deletion on Windows-Based Platforms .... 5-17
6 Configuring Recovery Manager and Archiving
Overview of Configuring RMAN for Real Application Clusters................................................... 6-1
Configuring the RMAN Snapshot Control File Location ................................................................ 6-1
Configuring the RMAN Control File Autobackup Feature ............................................................. 6-2
Managing Archived Redo Logs Using RMAN in Real Application Clusters .............................. 6-2
Archived Redo Log File and Destination Conventions in RAC ..................................................... 6-3
RMAN Archiving Configuration Scenarios........................................................................................ 6-4
Cluster File System Archiving Scheme ........................................................................................... 6-4
Non-Cluster File System Local Archiving Scheme ....................................................................... 6-6
Changing the Archiving Mode in Real Application Clusters ......................................................... 6-7
Monitoring the Archiver Processes ................................................................................................. 6-8
7 Managing Backup and Recovery
Instance Recovery in Real Application Clusters................................................................................ 7-1
Single Node Failure in Real Application Clusters......................................................................... 7-1
Multiple-Node Failures in Real Application Clusters .................................................................. 7-2
Using RMAN to Create Backups in Real Application Clusters .................................................. 7-2
Using RMAN to Restore the Server Parameter File (SPFILE) ..................................................... 7-2
RMAN and Oracle Net in Real Application Clusters ................................................................... 7-2
Channel Connections to Cluster Instances ..................................................................................... 7-2
Node Affinity Awareness of Fast Connections ............................................................................ 7-3
Readability of Files To Be Backed Up ............................................................................................. 7-3
Deleting Archived Redo Logs After a Successful Backup ........................................................... 7-3
Distribution of Backups..................................................................................................................... 7-4
Autolocation for Backup and Restore Commands........................................................................ 7-4
RMAN Backup Scenarios for Real Application Clusters................................................................. 7-4
Cluster File System Backup Scheme................................................................................................ 7-4
Non-Cluster File System Backup Scheme....................................................................................... 7-5
Media Recovery in Real Application Clusters ................................................................................... 7-6
RMAN Restore Scenarios for Real Application Clusters................................................................. 7-6
v
Cluster File System Restore Scheme................................................................................................ 7-6
Non-Cluster File System Restore Scheme....................................................................................... 7-7
RMAN Recovery Through Resetlogs in Real Application Clusters .............................................. 7-7
Parallel Recovery in Real Application Clusters ................................................................................. 7-7
Parallel Recovery with RMAN......................................................................................................... 7-7
Parallel Recovery with SQL*Plus..................................................................................................... 7-8
Using a Flash Recovery Area in Real Application Clusters............................................................. 7-8
8 Administrative Options
Optional Enterprise Manager Tasks in Real Application Clusters ................................................ 8-1
Using Enterprise Manager to Discover Nodes and Instances ......................................................... 8-2
Enterprise Manager Pages for Real Application Clusters ................................................................ 8-2
Databases Summary Page................................................................................................................. 8-2
Cluster Database Home Page ........................................................................................................... 8-2
Cluster Database Instances Pages .................................................................................................... 8-3
The Databases Overview Page for Real Application Clusters .................................................... 8-3
The Cluster Home Page for Real Application Clusters ................................................................ 8-3
Instance Pages for Real Application Clusters..................................................................................... 8-3
Real Application Clusters Administration Procedures for Enterprise Manager ......................... 8-4
Administering Enterprise Manager Jobs in Real Application Clusters ..................................... 8-4
Administering Alerts in Real Application Clusters with Enterprise Manager......................... 8-4
Performing Scheduled Maintenance Using Defined Blackouts in Enterprise Manager ......... 8-5
Additional Information About SQL*Plus in Real Application Clusters ..................................... 8-5
How SQL*Plus Commands Affect Instances ................................................................................. 8-5
Verifying that Instances are Running.............................................................................................. 8-6
Quiescing Real Application Clusters Databases .............................................................................. 8-6
Quiesced State and Cold Backups ................................................................................................... 8-7
Administering System and Network Interfaces with the OIFCFG (Oracle Interface
Configuration) Tool ................................................................................................................................. 8-7
Defining Network Interfaces with OIFCFG ................................................................................... 8-7
Syntax and Commands for the OIFCFG Command-Line Tool................................................... 8-8
A Troubleshooting
Monitoring Trace Files in Real Application Clusters....................................................................... A-1
Where to Find Files for Analyzing Errors ..................................................................................... A-1
Using Log Files in Real Application Clusters.................................................................................... A-2
Clusterware Log Files ....................................................................................................................... A-2
Enabling Additional Tracing for Real Application Clusters High Availability....................... A-3
Using Instance-Specific Alert Files in Real Application Clusters................................................. A-4
Resolving Pending Shutdown Issues ............................................................................................. A-5
B Server Control (SRVCTL) Reference
Overview of SRVCTL for Administering Real Application Clusters........................................... B-1
Guidelines for Using SRVCTL in Real Application Clusters...................................................... B-1
Obtaining Command Line Help for SRVCTL............................................................................... B-2
SRVCTL Command Syntax and Options ........................................................................................... B-2
vi
SRVCTL Cluster Database Configuration Tasks .............................................................................. B-2
SRVCTL General Cluster Database Administration Tasks ............................................................ B-3
SRVCTL Node-Level Tasks ................................................................................................................... B-3
SRVCTL Command Reference ............................................................................................................. B-3
SRVCTL Commands............................................................................................................................... B-4
SRVCTL Commands Summary ...................................................................................................... B-4
SRVCTL Objects Summary .............................................................................................................. B-4
srvctl add ............................................................................................................................................ B-5
srvctl config........................................................................................................................................ B-8
srvctl enable ..................................................................................................................................... B-10
srvctl disable .................................................................................................................................... B-12
srvctl start ......................................................................................................................................... B-14
srvctl stop ......................................................................................................................................... B-16
srvctl modify .................................................................................................................................... B-19
srvctl relocate ................................................................................................................................... B-23
srvctl status ...................................................................................................................................... B-24
srvctl getenv ..................................................................................................................................... B-26
srvctl setenv and unsetenv............................................................................................................. B-27
srvctl remove.................................................................................................................................... B-31
C Oracle Real Application Clusters Tools Messages
Overview of Real Application Clusters-Specific Messages ........................................................... C-1
Prefixes and Message Codes for RAC-Specific Messages ........................................................... C-2
Types of Real Application Clusters Messages and Related Files............................................... C-2
PRKA—Cluster Node Applications Messages.................................................................................. C-2
PRKC—Cluster Command Messages.................................................................................................. C-2
PRKD — Global Services Daemon Messages ................................................................................... C-8
PRKE — Global Services Daemon Controller Utility Messages ................................................... C-8
PRKH—Server Manager (SRVM) Messages...................................................................................... C-9
PRKN— Server Manager (SRVM) System Library Messages...................................................... C-10
PRKO—Server Control (SRVCTL) Utility Messages ..................................................................... C-11
PRKP—Cluster Database Management Messages ......................................................................... C-15
PRKR—Cluster Registry Messages ................................................................................................... C-21
PRKS—Automatic Storage Management Messages....................................................................... C-27
PRKU—Command Line Parser Utility Messages ........................................................................... C-31
PRKV — Virtual IP Configuration Assistant Messages ................................................................ C-31
Index
vii
viii
Send Us Your Comments
Oracle Real Application Clusters Administrator's Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part No. B10765-02
Oracle welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this
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ix
x
Preface
The Oracle Real Application Clusters Administrator's Guide describes the administrative
tasks specific to Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC). Information in this manual
applies to RAC as it runs on all platforms. In addition, the content of this manual
supplements administrative content for Oracle single-instance databases in other
Oracle documentation. Where necessary, this manual refers to platform-specific
documentation. This Preface contains these topics:
■ Audience
■ Documentation Accessibility
■ Structure
■ Related Documents
■ Conventions
Audience
The Oracle Real Application Clusters Administrator's Guide is intended for database
administrators, network administrators, and system administrators who perform the
following tasks:
■ Administer and manage RAC databases
■ Manage and troubleshoot clusters and networks that use RAC
To use this document, you should be familiar with the administrative procedures
described inOracle Database 2 Day DBA and the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide.
You should also be familiar with installing and configuring RAC as described in Oracle
Real Application Clusters Installation and Configuration Guide.
Documentation Accessibility
Our goal is to make Oracle products, services, and supporting documentation
accessible, with good usability, to the disabled community. To that end, our
documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive
technology. This documentation is available in HTML format, and contains markup to
facilitate access by the disabled community. Standards will continue to evolve over
time, and Oracle is actively engaged with other market-leading technology vendors to
address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be accessible to all of our
customers. For additional information, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program Web site
at
http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/
xi
Accessibility of Code Examples in Documentation
JAWS, a Windows screen reader, may not always correctly read the code examples in
this document. The conventions for writing code require that closing braces should
appear on an otherwise empty line; however, JAWS may not always read a line of text
that consists solely of a bracket or brace.
Accessibility of Links to External Web Sites in Documentation
This documentation may contain links to Web sites of other companies or
organizations that Oracle does not own or control. Oracle neither evaluates nor makes
any representations regarding the accessibility of these Web sites.
Structure
This document is organized as follows:
Chapter 1, "Introduction to RAC Administration"
This chapter introduces the administrative tasks for RAC software.
Chapter 2, "Administering Database Instances in Cluster Databases"
This chapter explains how to administer RAC databases and instances
Chapter 3, "Administering Storage"
This chapter explains how to administer storage components in RAC.
Chapter 4, "Administering Services"
This chapter describes how to administer services in RAC environments.
Chapter 5, "Adding and Deleting Nodes and Instances"
This chapter explains the procedures for adding and deleting nodes and instance in
RAC database environments.
Chapter 6, "Configuring Recovery Manager and Archiving"
This chapter explains how to configure Recovery Manager (RMAN) for use with RAC
databases.
Chapter 7, "Managing Backup and Recovery"
This chapter explains how to administer backup and recovery in RAC.
Chapter 8, "Administrative Options"
This chapter describes administrative options for Real Application Clusters.
Appendix A, "Troubleshooting"
This appendix explains how to contact Oracle Support Services.
Appendix B, "Server Control (SRVCTL) Reference"
This appendix is an SRVCTL command reference.
Appendix C, "Oracle Real Application Clusters Tools Messages"
This appendix describes the messages for RAC management tools.
xii
Related Documents
For more information, refer to the Oracle resources listed in this section.
■ Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation and Configuration Guide
■ Oracle Real Application Clusters Quick Installation Guide
■ Oracle Real Application Clusters Deployment and Performance Guide
■ Oracle Database Administrator's Guide
■ Oracle Database 2 Day DBA
■ Oracle Database Net Services Administrator’s Guide
■ Oracle Database Platform Guide for Windows
■ Oracle Database 10g Administrator's Reference Release 1 (10.1) for UNIX Systems:
AIX-Based Systems, HP-UX, Tru64 UNIX, Linux, and the Solaris Operating System
(SPARC)
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Printed documentation is available for sale in the Oracle Store at
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To download free release notes, installation documentation, white papers, or other
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If you already have a username and password for OTN, then you can go directly to the
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Conventions
This section describes the conventions used in the text and code examples of this
documentation set. It describes:
■ Conventions in Text
■ Conventions in Code Examples
■ Conventions for Windows Operating Systems
Conventions in Text
We use various conventions in text to help you more quickly identify special terms.
The following table describes those conventions and provides examples of their use.
Convention Meaning Example
Bold Bold typeface indicates terms that are When you specify this clause, you create an
defined in the text or terms that appear in a index-organized table.
glossary, or both.
Italics Italic typeface indicates book titles or Oracle Database Concepts
emphasis.
Ensure that the recovery catalog and target
database do not reside on the same disk.
xiii
Convention Meaning Example
UPPERCASE Uppercase monospace typeface indicates You can specify this clause only for a NUMBER
monospace elements supplied by the system. Such column.
(fixed-width) elements include parameters, privileges,
You can back up the database by using the
font datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL
BACKUP command.
keywords, SQL*Plus or utility commands,
packages and methods, as well as Query the TABLE_NAME column in the
system-supplied column names, database USER_TABLES data dictionary view.
objects and structures, usernames, and
Use the DBMS_STATS.GENERATE_STATS
roles.
procedure.
lowercase Lowercase monospace typeface indicates Enter sqlplus to start SQL*Plus.
monospace executable programs, filenames, directory
The password is specified in the orapwd file.
(fixed-width) names, and sample user-supplied
font elements. Such elements include computer Back up the datafiles and control files in the
and database names, net service names /disk1/oracle/dbs directory.
and connect identifiers, user-supplied
The department_id, department_name, and
database objects and structures, column
location_id columns are in the
names, packages and classes, usernames
hr.departments table.
and roles, program units, and parameter
values. Set the QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED initialization
parameter to true.
Note: Some programmatic elements use a
mixture of UPPERCASE and lowercase. Connect as oe user.
Enter these elements as shown.
The JRepUtil class implements these methods.
lowercase Lowercase italic monospace font represents You can specify the parallel_clause.
italic placeholders or variables.
Run old_release.SQL where old_release
monospace
refers to the release you installed prior to
(fixed-width)
upgrading.
font
Conventions in Code Examples
Code examples illustrate SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus, or other command-line statements.
They are displayed in a monospace (fixed-width) font and separated from normal text
as shown in this example:
SELECT username FROM dba_users WHERE username = 'MIGRATE';
The following table describes typographic conventions used in code examples and
provides examples of their use.
Convention Meaning Example
[ ] Anything enclosed in brackets is optional. DECIMAL (digits [ , precision ])
{ } Braces are used for grouping items. {ENABLE | DISABLE}
| A vertical bar represents a choice of two {ENABLE | DISABLE}
options. [COMPRESS | NOCOMPRESS]
... Ellipsis points mean repetition in syntax CREATE TABLE ... AS subquery;
descriptions.
In addition, ellipsis points can mean an SELECT col1, col2, ... , coln FROM
omission in code examples or text. employees;
Other symbols You must use symbols other than brackets acctbal NUMBER(11,2);
([ ]), braces ({ }), vertical bars (|), and acct CONSTANT NUMBER(4) := 3;
ellipsis points (...) exactly as shown.
Italics Italicized text indicates placeholders or CONNECT SYSTEM/system_password
variables for which you must supply DB_NAME = database_name
particular values.
xiv
Convention Meaning Example
UPPERCASE Uppercase typeface indicates elements SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM
supplied by the system. We show these employees;
terms in uppercase in order to distinguish SELECT * FROM USER_TABLES;
them from terms you define. Unless terms DROP TABLE hr.employees;
appear in brackets, enter them in the order
and with the spelling shown. Because these
terms are not case sensitive, you can use
them in either UPPERCASE or lowercase.
lowercase Lowercase typeface indicates user-defined SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM
programmatic elements, such as names of employees;
tables, columns, or files. sqlplus hr/hr
Note: Some programmatic elements use a CREATE USER mjones IDENTIFIED BY ty3MU9;
mixture of UPPERCASE and lowercase.
Enter these elements as shown.
Conventions for Windows Operating Systems
The following table describes conventions for Windows operating systems and
provides examples of their use.
Convention Meaning Example
Choose Start > How to start a program. To start the Database Configuration Assistant,
menu item choose Start > Programs > Oracle -
HOME_NAME > Configuration and Migration
Tools > Database Configuration Assistant.
File and directory File and directory names are not case c:\winnt"\"system32 is the same as
names sensitive. The following special characters C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32
are not allowed: left angle bracket (), colon (:), double
quotation marks ("), slash (/), pipe (|), and
dash (-). The special character backslash (\)
is treated as an element separator, even
when it appears in quotes. If the filename
begins with \\, then Windows assumes it
uses the Universal Naming Convention.
C:\> Represents the Windows command C:\oracle\oradata>
prompt of the current hard disk drive. The
escape character in a command prompt is
the caret (^). Your prompt reflects the
subdirectory in which you are working.
Referred to as the command prompt in this
manual.
Special characters The backslash (\) special character is C:\>exp HR/HR TABLES=employees
sometimes required as an escape character QUERY=\"WHERE job_id='SA_REP' and
for the double quotation mark (") special salaryConvention Meaning Example
ORACLE_HOME In releases prior to Oracle8i release 8.1.3, Go to the
and when you installed Oracle components, all ORACLE_BASE\ORACLE_HOME\rdbms\admin
ORACLE_BASE subdirectories were located under a top directory.
level ORACLE_HOME directory. The default
for Windows NT was C:\orant.
This release complies with Optimal
Flexible Architecture (OFA) guidelines. All
subdirectories are not under a top level
ORACLE_HOME directory. There is a top
level directory called ORACLE_BASE that
by default is
C:\oracle\product\10.1.0. If you
install the latest Oracle release on a
computer with no other Oracle software
installed, then the default setting for the
first Oracle home directory is
C:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_n,
where n is the latest Oracle home number.
The Oracle home directory is located
directly under ORACLE_BASE.
All directory path examples in this guide
follow OFA conventions.
Refer to Oracle Database Installation Guide
for 32-Bit Windows for additional
information about OFA compliances and
for information about installing Oracle
products in non-OFA compliant
directories.
xvi
What’s New in RAC Administration?
This section describes the new features for Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1) for
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) administration. The topic in this section is:
■ Oracle Database 10g New Features for Real Application Clusters Administration
See Also:
■ Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation and Configuration
Guide
■ Oracle Real Application Clusters Deployment and Performance
Guide
■ Oracle Database New Features
■ Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic
Configuration
Oracle Database 10g New Features for Real Application Clusters
Administration
This section describes the Oracle Database 10g features for RAC administration.
■ High Availability, Workload Management, and Services
Oracle Real Application Clusters introduces integrated clusterware known as
Cluster Ready Services (CRS). You install CRS on all platforms on which you can
run Oracle Real Application Clusters software. CRS manages cluster database
functions including node membership, group services, global resource
management, and high availability.
See Also: Oracle Real Application Clusters Quick Installation Guide to
install the ORacle Database 10g Standard Edition with RAC on
Windows systems
In Oracle Real Application Clusters, you can use services to define application
workloads by creating a service for each application or for major components
within complex applications. You can then define where and when the service
runs and thus use services to control your workload.
In both cluster and non-cluster environments, the Automatic Workload Repository
(AWR) tracks performance metrics using services. You can also set thresholds on
performance metrics to automatically generate alerts if these thresholds are
exceeded.
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See Also: PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference for more
information about the DBMS_SERVICE PL/SQL and DBMS_
MONITOR packages and for more information about setting
thresholds.
■ Enhanced Cluster Manager Implementation
In earlier releases of the Oracle Database, cluster manager implementations on some
platforms were referred to as "Cluster Manager". In Oracle Database 10g, Cluster
Ready Services (CRS) serves as the clusterware software, and Cluster Synchronization
Services (CSS) is the cluster manager software for all platforms. The Oracle Cluster
Synchronization Service Daemon (OCSSD) performs some of the clusterware functions
on UNIX-based systems. On Windows-based systems, OracleCSService,
OracleCRService, and OracleEVMService replace the Oracle Database
OracleCMService9i.
Oracle Enterprise Manager, the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA), and the
Server Control (SRVCTL) Utility provide tools to administer clusters, RAC databases,
and services.
■ Enterprise Manager Enhancements for RAC
This release includes the new Web-based Enterprise Manager Database Control
with which you can manage a RAC database, and Enterprise Manager Grid
Control for administering multiple RAC databases. Administration of RAC
databases is greatly simplified because of more simplified drill-down tasks and
because Enterprise Manager displays cluster-wide performance information. This
is available for both single-instance Oracle and RAC databases.
Enterprise Manager has several summary pages that show cluster database
performance information at a glance; you no longer have to log in to each cluster
database or display instance-specific pages to obtain a global view of cluster
database performance.
■ Enhancements for Flash Recovery Area and Automatic Disk-Based Backup and
Recovery
■ A flash recovery area is an Automatic Storage Management (ASM) disk group, a
file system, or a directory that serves as a default storage area for recovery files.
RAC supports the Automatic Disk-Based Backup and Recovery feature that
simplifies managing disk space and backup and recovery files.
■ Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) Enhancements
■ Use the DBCA to perform instance addition and deletion as well as database
deletion.
■ Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) Enhancements
Use the DBUA to upgrade from an earlier RAC version to Oracle Database 10g
with RAC. When you upgrade from a Primary/Secondary environment, the
DBUA creates one service and assigns it to one instance as a preferred instance,
and to the other instance as its available instance.
Server Control (SRVCTL) Enhancements
Enhancements to SRVCTL support the management of services and Automatic
Storage Management (ASM) instances within RAC.
■ Enhanced Recovery Parallelism on Multiple CPU Systems
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The default for instance, crash, and media recovery is to operate in parallel mode
on multiple-CPU systems.
■ Revised Error Messages for High Availability and Management Tools in Real
Application Clusters
■ The high availability error messages have been enhanced for this release.
■ Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) Enhancements
The OCR contains configuration details for the cluster database and for high
availability resources such as services, Virtual Interconnect Protocol (VIP)
addresses, and so on.
■ GCS_SERVER_PROCESSES Parameter
There is a new, static parameter to specify the number of server processes for an
instance's Global Cache Service (GCS) for routing inter-instance traffic among
RAC instances. The default number of GCS server processes is calculated based on
system resources with a minimum of 2. You can set this parameter to different
values on different instances.
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