Net Services Reference Guide
Oracle Net Services provides control utilities to administer listeners, Oracle Names
servers, and Oracle Connection Managers. Part 1 lists the commands that are
available with each utility, including any applicable prerequisites, passwords,
syntax or argument rules, and usage notes or examples to help you use them.
Oracle® Database
Net Services Reference Guide
10 g Release 1 (10.1)
Part No. B10776-01
January 2004
Oracle Database Net Services Reference Guide, 10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part No. B10776-01
Copyright © 2001, 2004 Oracle. All rights reserved.
Primary Author: Jennifer Polk
Contributors: Henry Abrecht, Robert Achacoso, Gaurav Agarwal, Omar Bellal, David Chen, Howard
Cohen, Toby Close, Pramodini Gattu, Harvey Eneman, Stella Kister, Shuvayu Kanjila, Cynthia Kibbe,
Vincent Lee, Catherine Luu, Scot McKinley, Ed Miner, Peter Povinec, Richard Smith, Deborah Steiner,
Juliet Ta, Norman Woo, Jose Wong
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Contents
Send Us Your Comments ................................................................................................................. xiii
Preface........................................................................................................................................................... xv
Audience ................................................................................................................................................ xv
Organization .......................................................................................................................................... xv
Related Documentation ..................................................................................................................... xvii
Conventions......................................................................................................................................... xvii
Documentation Accessibility ........................................................................................................... xxii
Part I Control Utilities
1 Listener Control Utility
Listener Control Utility Overview .................................................................................................. 1-1
SET and SHOW Commands of the Listener Control Utility ..................................................... 1-3
Distributed Operations...................................................................................................................... 1-3
Listener Security ................................................................................................................................. 1-3
Listener Control Utility Commands................................................................................................ 1-4
CHANGE_PASSWORD .............................................................................................................. 1-4
EXIT ................................................................................................................................................ 1-6
HELP .............................................................................................................................................. 1-7
QUIT ............................................................................................................................................... 1-8
RELOAD ........................................................................................................................................ 1-9
SAVE_CONFIG........................................................................................................................... 1-10
SERVICES .................................................................................................................................... 1-11
iii
SET ................................................................................................................................................ 1-12
SET CURRENT_LISTENER....................................................................................................... 1-14
SET DISPLAYMODE.................................................................................................................. 1-14
SET INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT ................................................................................ 1-15
SET LOG_DIRECTORY ............................................................................................................. 1-16
SET LOG_FILE ............................................................................................................................ 1-17
SET LOG_STATUS ..................................................................................................................... 1-18
SET PASSWORD......................................................................................................................... 1-18
SET SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP .............................................................................................. 1-19
SET STARTUP_WAITTIME ...................................................................................................... 1-20
SET TRC_DIRECTORY .............................................................................................................. 1-21
SET TRC_FILE ............................................................................................................................. 1-22
SET TRC_LEVEL......................................................................................................................... 1-23
SHOW........................................................................................................................................... 1-24
SPAWN ........................................................................................................................................ 1-25
START .......................................................................................................................................... 1-26
STATUS ....................................................................................................................................... 1-28
STOP ............................................................................................................................................. 1-29
TRACE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-30
VERSION ..................................................................................................................................... 1-31
2 Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility
Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility Overview .............................................................. 2-1
Command Modes and Syntax........................................................................................................... 2-1
Distributed Operations...................................................................................................................... 2-3
Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility Commands ........................................................... 2-3
ADMINISTER ............................................................................................................................... 2-3
CLOSE CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................................. 2-4
EXIT ................................................................................................................................................ 2-6
HELP............................................................................................................................................... 2-7
QUIT ............................................................................................................................................... 2-8
RELOAD ....................................................................................................................................... 2-9
RESUME GATEWAYS................................................................................................................. 2-9
SAVE_PASSWORD ................................................................................................................... 2-10
SET ................................................................................................................................................ 2-11
iv
SET ASO_AUTHENTICATION_FILTER ............................................................................... 2-12
SET CONNECTION_STATISTICS........................................................................................... 2-12
SET EVENT.................................................................................................................................. 2-13
SET IDLE_TIMEOUT ................................................................................................................. 2-14
SET INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT ................................................................................ 2-15
SET LOG_DIRECTORY ............................................................................................................. 2-16
SET LOG_LEVEL........................................................................................................................ 2-17
SET OUTBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT ............................................................................ 2-18
SET PASSWORD ........................................................................................................................ 2-18
SET SESSION_TIMEOUT.......................................................................................................... 2-19
SET TRACE_DIRECTORY ........................................................................................................ 2-20
SET TRACE_LEVEL ................................................................................................................... 2-21
SHOW........................................................................................................................................... 2-22
SHOW ALL.................................................................................................................................. 2-23
SHOW CONNECTIONS ........................................................................................................... 2-24
SHOW DEFAULTS..................................................................................................................... 2-26
SHOW EVENTS .......................................................................................................................... 2-27
SHOW GATEWAYS................................................................................................................... 2-28
SHOW PARAMETERS .............................................................................................................. 2-29
SHOW RULES............................................................................................................................. 2-30
SHOW SERVICES....................................................................................................................... 2-31
SHOW STATUS .......................................................................................................................... 2-32
SHOW VERSION........................................................................................................................ 2-33
SHUTDOWN .............................................................................................................................. 2-34
STARTUP..................................................................................................................................... 2-35
SUSPEND GATEWAY............................................................................................................... 2-36
Part II Configuration Parameters
3 Syntax Rules for Configuration Files
Configuration File Syntax Overview .............................................................................................. 3-1
Further Syntax Rules for Configuration Files............................................................................... 3-2
Network Character Set....................................................................................................................... 3-3
Character Set ........................................................................................................................................ 3-3
v
4 Protocol Address Configuration
ADDRESSes and ADDRESS_LISTs ............................................................................................... 4-1
ADDRESS....................................................................................................................................... 4-1
ADDRESS_LIST ............................................................................................................................ 4-2
Protocol Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 4-2
Recommended Port Numbers .......................................................................................................... 4-4
Port Number Limitations .................................................................................................................. 4-4
5 Profile Parameters (sqlnet.ora)
Overview of Profile Configuration File ......................................................................................... 5-1
Profile Parameters............................................................................................................................... 5-2
BEQUEATH_DETACH................................................................................................................ 5-2
DEFAULT_SDU_SIZE.................................................................................................................. 5-2
DISABLE_OOB.............................................................................................................................. 5-3
LOG_DIRECTORY_CLIENT ...................................................................................................... 5-3
LOG_DIRECTORY_SERVER ...................................................................................................... 5-4
LOG_FILE_CLIENT ..................................................................................................................... 5-4
LOG_FILE_SERVER ..................................................................................................................... 5-4
NAMES.DCE.PREFIX .................................................................................................................. 5-5
NAMES.DEFAULT_DOMAIN................................................................................................... 5-5
NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH ..................................................................................................... 5-6
NAMES.NIS.META_MAP........................................................................................................... 5-7
RECV_BUF_SIZE ......................................................................................................................... 5-7
SEND_BUF_SIZE ......................................................................................................................... 5-8
SQLNET_ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSIONS ........................................................................... 5-8
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_KERBEROS5_SERVICE ....................................................... 5-9
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_GSSAPI_SERVICE................................................................ 5-9
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES............................................................................ 5-10
SQLNET.CLIENT_REGISTRATION ....................................................................................... 5-10
SQLNET.CRYPTO_CHECKSUM_CLIENT ............................................................................ 5-11
SQLNET.CRYPTO_CHECKSUM_SERVER............................................................................ 5-11
SQLNET.CRYPTO_CHECKSUM_TYPE_CLIENT ................................................................ 5-12
SQLNET.CRYPTO_CHECKSUM_TYPE_SERVER................................................................ 5-13
SQLNET.CRYPTO_SEED .......................................................................................................... 5-13
SQLNET.ENCRYPTION_CLIENT ........................................................................................... 5-14
vi
SQLNET.ENCRYPTION_SERVER .......................................................................................... 5-14
SQLNET.ENCRYPTION_TYPES_CLIENT............................................................................. 5-15
SQLNET.ENCRYPTION_TYPES_SERVER ............................................................................ 5-16
SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME ............................................................................................................ 5-16
SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT ....................................................................... 5-17
SQLNET.KERBEROS5_CC_NAME ......................................................................................... 5-18
SQLNET.KERBEROS5_CLOCKSKEW.................................................................................... 5-19
SQLNET.KERBEROS5_CONF .................................................................................................. 5-19
SQLNET.KERBEROS5_KEYTAB ............................................................................................. 5-19
SQLNET.KERBEROS5_REALMS............................................................................................. 5-20
SQLNET.RADIUS_ALTERNATE ............................................................................................ 5-20
SQLNET.RADIUS_ALTERNATE_PORT................................................................................ 5-21
SQLNET.RADIUS_ALTERNATE_RETRIES .......................................................................... 5-21
SQLNET.RADIUS_AUTHENTICATION ............................................................................... 5-21
SQLNET.RADIUS_AUTHENTICATION_INTERFACE ...................................................... 5-22
SQLNET.RADIUS_AUTHENTICATION_PORT .................................................................. 5-22
SQLNET.RADIUS_AUTHENTICATION_RETRIES............................................................. 5-23
SQLNET.RADIUS_AUTHENTICATION_TIMEOUT .......................................................... 5-23
SQLNET.RADIUS_CHALLENGE_RESPONSE..................................................................... 5-23
SQLNET.RADIUS_SECRET...................................................................................................... 5-24
SQLNET.RADIUS_SEND_ACCOUNTING ........................................................................... 5-24
SQLNET.RECV_TIMEOUT ...................................................................................................... 5-25
SQLNET.SEND_TIMEOUT ..................................................................................................... 5-26
SSL_CERT_REVOCATION ...................................................................................................... 5-26
SSL_CERT_FILE ......................................................................................................................... 5-27
SSL_CERT_PATH ...................................................................................................................... 5-27
SSL_CIPHER_SUITES ................................................................................................................ 5-28
SSL_CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION........................................................................................ 5-28
SSL_SERVER_DN_MATCH ..................................................................................................... 5-29
SSL_VERSION............................................................................................................................. 5-30
TCP.EXCLUDED_NODES ........................................................................................................ 5-30
TCP.INVITED_NODES ............................................................................................................. 5-31
TCP.VALIDNODE_CHECKING ............................................................................................. 5-31
TCP.NODELAY .......................................................................................................................... 5-31
TNSPING.TRACE_DIRECTORY ............................................................................................. 5-32
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TNSPING.TRACE_LEVEL ........................................................................................................ 5-32
TRACE_DIRECTORY_CLIENT................................................................................................ 5-33
TRACE_DIRECTORY_SERVER ............................................................................................... 5-33
TRACE_FILE_CLIENT .............................................................................................................. 5-33
TRACE_FILE_SERVER .............................................................................................................. 5-34
TRACE_FILELEN_CLIENT ...................................................................................................... 5-34
TRACE_FILELEN_SERVER ...................................................................................................... 5-34
TRACE_FILENO_CLIENT ........................................................................................................ 5-35
TRACE_FILENO_SERVER........................................................................................................ 5-35
TRACE_LEVEL_CLIENT .......................................................................................................... 5-36
TRACE_LEVEL_SERVER .......................................................................................................... 5-36
TRACE_TIMESTAMP_CLIENT ............................................................................................... 5-37
TRACE_TIMESTAMP_SERVER............................................................................................... 5-37
TRACE_UNIQUE_CLIENT ...................................................................................................... 5-38
USE_CMAN................................................................................................................................. 5-38
USE_DEDICATED_SERVER .................................................................................................... 5-39
WALLET_LOCATION .............................................................................................................. 5-40
6 Local Naming Parameters (tnsnames.ora)
Overview of Local Naming Parameters.......................................................................................... 6-1
General Syntax of tnsnames.ora ...................................................................................................... 6-2
Multiple Descriptions in tnsnames.ora .......................................................................................... 6-2
Multiple Address Lists in tnsnames.ora......................................................................................... 6-3
Connect-Time Failover and Client Load Balancing with Oracle Connection Managers...... 6-4
Local Naming Parameters.................................................................................................................. 6-5
Connect Descriptor Descriptions................................................................................................ 6-6
DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 6-6
DESCRIPTION_LIST............................................................................................................. 6-6
Protocol Address Section ............................................................................................................. 6-7
ADDRESS ............................................................................................................................... 6-7
ADDRESS_LIST ..................................................................................................................... 6-7
Optional Parameters for Lists ..................................................................................................... 6-8
FAILOVER.............................................................................................................................. 6-8
LOAD_BALANCE................................................................................................................. 6-9
RECV_BUF_SIZE ................................................................................................................. 6-10
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SDU........................................................................................................................................ 6-11
SEND_BUF_SIZE................................................................................................................. 6-12
SOURCE_ROUTE................................................................................................................ 6-13
TYPE_OF_SERVICE............................................................................................................ 6-14
Connect Data Section ................................................................................................................ 6-14
CONNECT_DATA.............................................................................................................. 6-14
FAILOVER_MODE ............................................................................................................. 6-15
GLOBAL_NAME................................................................................................................. 6-16
HS .......................................................................................................................................... 6-17
INSTANCE_NAME ............................................................................................................ 6-18
RDB_DATABASE................................................................................................................ 6-18
SERVER................................................................................................................................. 6-19
SERVICE_NAME ................................................................................................................ 6-19
SID ......................................................................................................................................... 6-20
Security Section .......................................................................................................................... 6-20
SECURITY ............................................................................................................................ 6-20
SSL_SERVER_CERT_DN ................................................................................................... 6-21
7 Listener Parameters (listener.ora)
Overview of Listener Configuration File....................................................................................... 7-1
Listener Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 7-2
Protocol Address Section............................................................................................................. 7-3
DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................................... 7-3
ADDRESS ............................................................................................................................... 7-3
QUEUESIZE ........................................................................................................................... 7-4
RECV_BUF_SIZE .................................................................................................................. 7-4
SEND_BUF_SIZE................................................................................................................... 7-5
Static Service Registration (SID_LIST) Section ......................................................................... 7-6
SID_LIST ................................................................................................................................. 7-7
SID_DESC ............................................................................................................................... 7-7
ENVS ....................................................................................................................................... 7-8
GLOBAL_DBNAME ............................................................................................................. 7-9
ORACLE_HOME................................................................................................................. 7-10
PROGRAM ........................................................................................................................... 7-10
SID_NAME........................................................................................................................... 7-10
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SDU........................................................................................................................................ 7-11
Control Parameters..................................................................................................................... 7-11
ADMIN_RESTRICTIONS_listener_name.......................................................................... 7-12
INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listener_name......................................................... 7-13
LOG_DIRECTORY_listener_name ..................................................................................... 7-14
LOG_FILE_listener_name .................................................................................................... 7-14
LOGGING_listener_name .................................................................................................... 7-14
PASSWORDS_listener_name............................................................................................... 7-15
SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_listener_name ...................................................................... 7-15
SSL_CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION................................................................................. 7-16
STARTUP_WAIT_TIME_listener_name ............................................................................ 7-16
TRACE_DIRECTORY_listener_name................................................................................. 7-17
TRACE_FILE_listener_name ............................................................................................... 7-17
TRACE_FILELEN_listener_name ....................................................................................... 7-18
TRACE_FILENO_listener_name ......................................................................................... 7-18
TRACE_LEVEL_listener_name ........................................................................................... 7-19
TRACE_TIMESTAMP_listener_name ................................................................................ 7-19
WALLET_LOCATION ...................................................................................................... 7-20
8 Oracle Connection Manager Parameters (cman.ora)
Overview of Oracle Connection Manager Configuration File .................................................. 8-1
Oracle Connection Manager Parameters ........................................................................................ 8-2
Listening Endpoint ....................................................................................................................... 8-2
ADDRESS ............................................................................................................................... 8-2
Rule List.......................................................................................................................................... 8-3
RULE ....................................................................................................................................... 8-3
Parameter List ............................................................................................................................... 8-5
PARAMETER_LIST............................................................................................................... 8-5
ASO_AUTHENTICATION_FILTER .................................................................................. 8-7
CONNECTION_STATISTICS.............................................................................................. 8-8
EVENT_GROUP .................................................................................................................... 8-8
IDLE_TIMEOUT .................................................................................................................... 8-8
INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT ................................................................................... 8-8
LOG_DIRECTORY ................................................................................................................ 8-9
LOG_LEVEL .......................................................................................................................... 8-9
x
MAX_CMCTL_SESSIONS ................................................................................................... 8-9
MAX_CONNECTIONS ........................................................................................................ 8-9
MAX_GATEWAY_PROCESSES ....................................................................................... 8-10
MIN_GATEWAY_PROCESSES ........................................................................................ 8-10
OUTBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT ............................................................................. 8-10
PASSWORD_instance_name ............................................................................................. 8-10
REMOTE_ADMIN ............................................................................................................. 8-10
SESSION_TIMEOUT........................................................................................................... 8-11
TRACE_DIRECTORY ......................................................................................................... 8-11
TRACE_FILELEN................................................................................................................ 8-11
TRACE_FILENO ................................................................................................................. 8-11
TRACE_LEVEL.................................................................................................................... 8-11
TRACE_TIMESTAMP ........................................................................................................ 8-12
9 Directory Usage Parameters (ldap.ora)
Overview of Directory Server Usage File ...................................................................................... 9-1
Directory Usage Parameters.............................................................................................................. 9-1
DIRECTORY_SERVERS .............................................................................................................. 9-2
DIRECTORY_SERVER_TYPE..................................................................................................... 9-2
DEFAULT_ADMIN_CONTEXT ................................................................................................ 9-2
Part III Appendixes
A Commands and Parameters Not Supported in This Release
Overview of Unsupported Features ................................................................................................ A-1
Unsupported Parameters ................................................................................................................... A-3
Unsupported Control Utility Commands ...................................................................................... A-5
B Upgrade Considerations for Oracle Net Services
Overview of Unsupported Oracle Net Services Features ........................................................... B-1
Unsupported Parameters and Control Utility Commands ......................................................... B-3
Client and Database Coexistence Issues ....................................................................................... B-3
Oracle9i Database Connections .................................................................................................. B-4
Oracle8 or Oracle7 Database Connections ................................................................................ B-5
xi
Oracle Names ................................................................................................................................ B-6
Using the Oracle Net Manager to Handle Compatibility Issues............................................... B-6
Upgrading to Oracle Net Services ................................................................................................... B-7
Step 1: Verify Service Name and Instance Name..................................................................... B-7
Step 2: Perform Software Upgrade on the Database Server ................................................... B-8
Step 3: Perform Software Upgrade on the Client..................................................................... B-8
Step 4: Perform Functional Upgrade ......................................................................................... B-8
tnsnames.ora .......................................................................................................................... B-9
listener.ora ........................................................................................................................... B-10
C LDAP Schema for Oracle Net Services
Structural Object Classes................................................................................................................... C-1
orclDBServer.................................................................................................................................. C-2
orclNetService ............................................................................................................................... C-2
orclNetServiceAlias ...................................................................................................................... C-2
orclNetDescription ....................................................................................................................... C-2
orclNetDescriptionList................................................................................................................. C-3
orclNetAddress ............................................................................................................................. C-3
orclNetAddressList....................................................................................................................... C-4
orclNetDescriptionAux1 .............................................................................................................. C-4
orclNetAddressAux1.................................................................................................................... C-4
Attributes.............................................................................................................................................. C-5
Glossary
Index
xii
Send Us Your Comments
Oracle Database Net Services Reference Guide, 10g Release 1 (10.1)
Part No. B10776-01
Oracle Corporation welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this
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xiii
xiv
Preface
The Oracle Net Services Reference Guide contains a complete listing and description of
the control utility commands and configuration file parameters available for
managing components of Oracle Net Services.
This document describes the features of Oracle Database 10g software that apply to
the Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 operating
systems.
This preface contains these topics:
■ Audience
■ Organization
■ Related Documentation
■ Conventions
■ Documentation Accessibility
Audience
Oracle Net Services Reference Guide is intended for network administrators who are
responsible for configuring and administering network components.
To use this document, you need to be familiar with the networking concepts and
configuration tasks described in Oracle Net Services Administrator's Guide.
Organization
This document contains:
xv
Part I, "Control Utilities"
Chapter 1, "Listener Control Utility"
This chapter describes the Listener Control utility commands.
Chapter 2, "Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility"
This chapter describes the Oracle Connection Manager Control utility commands.
Part II, "Configuration Parameters"
Chapter 3, "Syntax Rules for Configuration Files"
This chapter describes the syntax rules for networking configuration files.
Chapter 4, "Protocol Address Configuration"
This chapter describes how to configure a protocol address.
Chapter 5, "Profile Parameters (sqlnet.ora)"
This chapter describes the sqlnet.ora file parameters.
Chapter 6, "Local Naming Parameters (tnsnames.ora)"
This chapter describes the tnsnames.ora file parameters.
Chapter 7, "Listener Parameters (listener.ora)"
This chapter describes the listener.ora file parameters.
Chapter 8, "Oracle Connection Manager Parameters (cman.ora)"
This chapter describes the cman.ora file parameters.
Chapter 9, "Directory Usage Parameters (ldap.ora)"
This chapter describes the ldap.ora file parameters.
Part III, "Appendixes"
Appendix A, "Commands and Parameters Not Supported in This Release"
This appendix describes the control utility commands and parameters no longer
supported by Oracle Net Services.
xvi
Appendix B, "Upgrade Considerations for Oracle Net Services"
This appendix describes coexistence and upgrade issues for Oracle Net Services.
Appendix C, "LDAP Schema for Oracle Net Services"
This appendix describes the Oracle schema for Oracle Net Services.
Glossary
Related Documentation
For more information, see these Oracle resources:
■ Oracle Net Services Administrator's Guide
■ Oracle Database 10g documentation set
Many books in the documentation set use the sample schemas of the seed database,
which is installed by default when you install Oracle. Refer to Oracle Database
Sample Schemas for information on how these schemas were created and how you
can use them yourself.
Printed documentation is available for sale in the Oracle Store at
http://oraclestore.oracle.com/
To download free release notes, installation documentation, white papers, or other
collateral, please visit the Oracle Technology Network (OTN). You must register
online before using OTN; registration is free and can be done at
http://otn.oracle.com/membership/
If you already have a username and password for OTN, then you can go directly to
the documentation section of the OTN Web site at
http://otn.oracle.com/documentation/
Conventions
This section describes the conventions used in the text and code examples of this
documentation set. It describes:
■ Conventions in Text
■ Conventions in Code Examples
xvii
■ Conventions for Windows Operating Systems
Conventions in Text
We use various conventions in text to help you more quickly identify special terms.
The following table describes those conventions and provides examples of their use.
Convention Meaning Example
Bold Bold typeface indicates terms that are When you specify this clause, you create an
defined in the text or terms that appear in index-organized table.
a glossary, or both.
Italics Italic typeface indicates book titles or Oracle Database Concepts
emphasis.
Ensure that the recovery catalog and target
database do not reside on the same disk.
UPPERCASE Uppercase monospace typeface indicates You can specify this clause only for a NUMBER
monospace elements supplied by the system. Such column.
(fixed-width) elements include parameters, privileges,
You can back up the database by using the
font datatypes, RMAN keywords, SQL
BACKUP command.
keywords, SQL*Plus or utility commands,
packages and methods, as well as Query the TABLE_NAME column in the USER_
system-supplied column names, database TABLES data dictionary view.
objects and structures, usernames, and
Use the DBMS_STATS.GENERATE_STATS
roles.
procedure.
lowercase Lowercase monospace typeface indicates Enter sqlplus to open SQL*Plus.
monospace executables, filenames, directory names,
The password is specified in the orapwd file.
(fixed-width) and sample user-supplied elements. Such
font elements include computer and database Back up the datafiles and control files in the
names, net service names, and connect /disk1/oracle/dbs directory.
identifiers, as well as user-supplied
The department_id, department_name,
database objects and structures, column
and location_id columns are in the
names, packages and classes, usernames
hr.departments table.
and roles, program units, and parameter
values. Set the QUERY_REWRITE_ENABLED
initialization parameter to true.
Note: Some programmatic elements use a
mixture of UPPERCASE and lowercase. Connect as oe user.
Enter these elements as shown.
The JRepUtil class implements these
methods.
lowercase Lowercase italic monospace font You can specify the parallel_clause.
italic represents placeholders or variables.
Run Uold_release.SQL where old_
monospace
release refers to the release you installed
(fixed-width)
prior to upgrading.
font
xviii
Conventions in Code Examples
Code examples illustrate SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus, or other command-line
statements. They are displayed in a monospace (fixed-width) font and separated
from normal text as shown in this example:
SELECT username FROM dba_users WHERE username = ’MIGRATE’;
The following table describes typographic conventions used in code examples and
provides examples of their use.
Convention Meaning Example
[ ] Brackets enclose one or more optional DECIMAL (digits [ , precision ])
items. Do not enter the brackets.
{ } Braces enclose two or more items, one of {ENABLE | DISABLE}
which is required. Do not enter the braces.
| A vertical bar represents a choice of two {ENABLE | DISABLE}
or more options within brackets or braces. [COMPRESS | NOCOMPRESS]
Enter one of the options. Do not enter the
vertical bar.
... Horizontal ellipsis points indicate either:
■ That we have omitted parts of the CREATE TABLE ... AS subquery;
code that are not directly related to
the example SELECT col1, col2, ... , coln FROM
employees;
■ That you can repeat a portion of the
code
. Vertical ellipsis points indicate that we SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE;
. have omitted several lines of code not NAME
. directly related to the example. ------------------------------------
/fsl/dbs/tbs_01.dbf
/fs1/dbs/tbs_02.dbf
.
.
.
/fsl/dbs/tbs_09.dbf
9 rows selected.
Other notation You must enter symbols other than acctbal NUMBER(11,2);
brackets, braces, vertical bars, and ellipsis acct CONSTANT NUMBER(4) := 3;
points as shown.
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Convention Meaning Example
Italics Italicized text indicates placeholders or CONNECT SYSTEM/system_password
variables for which you must supply DB_NAME = database_name
particular values.
UPPERCASE Uppercase typeface indicates elements SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM
supplied by the system. We show these employees;
terms in uppercase in order to distinguish SELECT * FROM USER_TABLES;
them from terms you define. Unless terms DROP TABLE hr.employees;
appear in brackets, enter them in the
order and with the spelling shown.
However, because these terms are not
case sensitive, you can enter them in
lowercase.
lowercase Lowercase typeface indicates SELECT last_name, employee_id FROM
programmatic elements that you supply. employees;
For example, lowercase indicates names sqlplus hr/hr
of tables, columns, or files. CREATE USER mjones IDENTIFIED BY ty3MU9;
Note: Some programmatic elements use a
mixture of UPPERCASE and lowercase.
Enter these elements as shown.
Conventions for Windows Operating Systems
The following table describes conventions for Windows operating systems and
provides examples of their use.
Convention Meaning Example
Choose Start > How to start a program. To start the Database Configuration Assistant,
choose Start > Programs > Oracle - HOME_
NAME > Configuration and Migration Tools >
Database Configuration Assistant.
File and directory File and directory names are not case c:\winnt"\"system32 is the same as
names sensitive. The following special characters C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32
are not allowed: left angle bracket (), colon (:), double
quotation marks ("), slash (/), pipe (|),
and dash (-). The special character
backslash (\) is treated as an element
separator, even when it appears in quotes.
If the file name begins with \\, then
Windows assumes it uses the Universal
Naming Convention.
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