Altera DE2 Board
DE2 Development and Education Board
User Manual
Version 1.4 Copyright © 2006 Altera Corporation
Altera DE2 Board
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 DE2 Package.....................................................................................................................1
1.1 Package Contents .................................................................................................................1
1.2 The DE2 Board Assembly....................................................................................................2
1.3 Getting Help.........................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2 Altera DE2 Board.............................................................................................................4
2.1 Layout and Components ......................................................................................................4
2.2 Block Diagram of the DE2 Board........................................................................................5
2.3 Power-up the DE2 Board .....................................................................................................9
Chapter 3 DE2 Control Panel .........................................................................................................10
3.1 Control Panel Setup ........................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Controlling the LEDs, 7-Segment Displays and LCD Display .........................................13
3.3 SDRAM/SRAM Controller and Programmer....................................................................14
3.4 Flash Memory Programmer ...............................................................................................16
3.5 Overall Structure of the DE2 Control Panel ......................................................................17
3.6 TOOLS – Multi-Port SRAM/SDRAM/Flash Controller ...................................................19
3.7 VGA Display Control.........................................................................................................20
Chapter 4 Using the DE2 Board .....................................................................................................24
4.1 Configuring the Cyclone II FPGA .....................................................................................24
4.2 Using the LEDs and Switches............................................................................................26
4.3 Using the 7-segment Displays............................................................................................30
4.4 Clock Inputs .......................................................................................................................32
4.5 Using the LCD Module......................................................................................................33
4.6 Using the Expansion Header..............................................................................................35
4.7 Using VGA ........................................................................................................................37
4.8 Using the 24-bit Audio CODEC ........................................................................................41
4.9 RS-232 Serial Port .............................................................................................................42
4.10 PS/2 Serial Port ..................................................................................................................42
4.11 Fast Ethernet Network Controller ......................................................................................43
4.12 TV Decoder........................................................................................................................44
4.13 Implementing a TV Encoder..............................................................................................46
4.14 Using USB Host and Device..............................................................................................46
4.15 Using IrDA.........................................................................................................................48
4.16 Using SDRAM/SRAM/Flash.............................................................................................49
Chapter 5 Examples of Advanced Demonstrations ......................................................................54
5.1 DE2 Factory Configuration................................................................................................54
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5.2 TV Box Demonstration......................................................................................................55
5.3 USB Paintbrush..................................................................................................................57
5.4 USB Device........................................................................................................................59
5.5 A Karaoke Machine ...........................................................................................................61
5.6 Ethernet Packet Sending/Receiving ...................................................................................62
5.7 SD Card Music Player........................................................................................................64
5.8 Music Synthesizer Demonstration .....................................................................................66
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DE2 User Manual
Chapter 1
DE2 Package
The DE2 package contains all components needed to use the DE2 board in conjunction with a
computer that runs the Microsoft Windows software.
1.1 Package Contents
Figure 1.1 shows a photograph of the DE2 package.
Figure 1.1. The DE2 package contents.
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The DE2 package includes:
• DE2 board
• USB Cable for FPGA programming and control
• CD-ROM containing the DE2 documentation and supporting materials, including the User
Manual, the Control Panel utility, reference designs and demonstrations, device datasheets,
tutorials, and a set of laboratory exercises
• CD-ROMs containing Altera’s Quartus® II Web Edition and the Nios® II Embedded Design
Suit Evaluation Edition software.
• Bag of six rubber (silicon) covers for the DE2 board stands. The bag also contains some
extender pins, which can be used to facilitate easier probing with testing equipment of the
board’s I/O expansion headers
• Clear plastic cover for the board
• 9V DC wall-mount power supply
1.2 The DE2 Board Assembly
To assemble the included stands for the DE2 board:
• Assemble a rubber (silicon) cover, as shown in Figure 1.2, for each of the six copper stands
on the DE2 board
• The clear plastic cover provides extra protection, and is mounted over the top of the board
by using additional stands and screws
Figure 1.2. The feet for the DE2 board.
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1.3 Getting Help
Here are the addresses where you can get help if you encounter problems:
• Altera Corporation
101 Innovation Drive
San Jose, California, 95134 USA
Email:
[email protected]
• Terasic Technologies
No. 356, Sec. 1, Fusing E. Rd.
Jhubei City, HsinChu County, Taiwan, 302
Email:
[email protected]
Web: DE2.terasic.com
• Arches Computing
Unit 708-222 Spadina Ave
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T3A2
Email:
[email protected]
Web: DE2.archescomputing.com
A BBS (Bulletin Board System) Forum for the DE2 board has been created at the address shown
below. This Forum is meant to serve as a repository for information about the DE2 board, and to
provide a resource through which users can ask questions, and share design examples.
• BBS forum: http://www.terasic.com/english/discuss.htm
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Chapter 2
Altera DE2 Board
This chapter presents the features and design characteristics of the DE2 board.
2.1 Layout and Components
A photograph of the DE2 board is shown in Figure 2.1. It depicts the layout of the board and
indicates the location of the connectors and key components.
Figure 2.1. The DE2 board.
The DE2 board has many features that allow the user to implement a wide range of designed
circuits, from simple circuits to various multimedia projects.
The following hardware is provided on the DE2 board:
• Altera Cyclone® II 2C35 FPGA device
• Altera Serial Configuration device - EPCS16
• USB Blaster (on board) for programming and user API control; both JTAG and Active Serial
(AS) programming modes are supported
• 512-Kbyte SRAM
• 8-Mbyte SDRAM
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• 4-Mbyte Flash memory (1 Mbyte on some boards)
• SD Card socket
• 4 pushbutton switches
• 18 toggle switches
• 18 red user LEDs
• 9 green user LEDs
• 50-MHz oscillator and 27-MHz oscillator for clock sources
• 24-bit CD-quality audio CODEC with line-in, line-out, and microphone-in jacks
• VGA DAC (10-bit high-speed triple DACs) with VGA-out connector
• TV Decoder (NTSC/PAL) and TV-in connector
• 10/100 Ethernet Controller with a connector
• USB Host/Slave Controller with USB type A and type B connectors
• RS-232 transceiver and 9-pin connector
• PS/2 mouse/keyboard connector
• IrDA transceiver
• Two 40-pin Expansion Headers with diode protection
In addition to these hardware features, the DE2 board has software support for standard I/O
interfaces and a control panel facility for accessing various components. Also, software is provided
for a number of demonstrations that illustrate the advanced capabilities of the DE2 board.
In order to use the DE2 board, the user has to be familiar with the Quartus II software. The
necessary knowledge can be acquired by reading the tutorials Getting Started with Altera’s DE2
Board and Quartus II Introduction (which exists in three versions based on the design entry method
used, namely Verilog, VHDL or schematic entry). These tutorials are provided in the directory
DE2_tutorials on the DE2 System CD-ROM that accompanies the DE2 board and can also be
found on Altera’s DE2 web pages.
2.2 Block Diagram of the DE2 Board
Figure 2.2 gives the block diagram of the DE2 board. To provide maximum flexibility for the user,
all connections are made through the Cyclone II FPGA device. Thus, the user can configure the
FPGA to implement any system design.
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Figure 2.2. Block diagram of the DE2 board.
Following is more detailed information about the blocks in Figure 2.2:
Cyclone II 2C35 FPGA
• 33,216 LEs
• 105 M4K RAM blocks
• 483,840 total RAM bits
• 35 embedded multipliers
• 4 PLLs
• 475 user I/O pins
• FineLine BGA 672-pin package
Serial Configuration device and USB Blaster circuit
• Altera’s EPCS16 Serial Configuration device
• On-board USB Blaster for programming and user API control
• JTAG and AS programming modes are supported
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SRAM
• 512-Kbyte Static RAM memory chip
• Organized as 256K x 16 bits
• Accessible as memory for the Nios II processor and by the DE2 Control Panel
SDRAM
• 8-Mbyte Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM memory chip
• Organized as 1M x 16 bits x 4 banks
• Accessible as memory for the Nios II processor and by the DE2 Control Panel
Flash memory
• 4-Mbyte NOR Flash memory (1 Mbyte on some boards)
• 8-bit data bus
• Accessible as memory for the Nios II processor and by the DE2 Control Panel
SD card socket
• Provides SPI mode for SD Card access
• Accessible as memory for the Nios II processor with the DE2 SD Card Driver
Pushbutton switches
• 4 pushbutton switches
• Debounced by a Schmitt trigger circuit
• Normally high; generates one active-low pulse when the switch is pressed
Toggle switches
• 18 toggle switches for user inputs
• A switch causes logic 0 when in the DOWN (closest to the edge of the DE2 board) position
and logic 1 when in the UP position
Clock inputs
• 50-MHz oscillator
• 27-MHz oscillator
• SMA external clock input
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Audio CODEC
• Wolfson WM8731 24-bit sigma-delta audio CODEC
• Line-level input, line-level output, and microphone input jacks
• Sampling frequency: 8 to 96 KHz
• Applications for MP3 players and recorders, PDAs, smart phones, voice recorders, etc.
VGA output
• Uses the ADV7123 240-MHz triple 10-bit high-speed video DAC
• With 15-pin high-density D-sub connector
• Supports up to 1600 x 1200 at 100-Hz refresh rate
• Can be used with the Cyclone II FPGA to implement a high-performance TV Encoder
NTSC/PAL TV decoder circuit
• Uses ADV7181B Multi-format SDTV Video Decoder
• Supports NTSC-(M,J,4.43), PAL-(B/D/G/H/I/M/N), SECAM
• Integrates three 54-MHz 9-bit ADCs
• Clocked from a single 27-MHz oscillator input
• Supports Composite Video (CVBS) RCA jack input.
• Supports digital output formats (8-bit/16-bit): ITU-R BT.656 YCrCb 4:2:2 output + HS, VS,
and FIELD
• Applications: DVD recorders, LCD TV, Set-top boxes, Digital TV, Portable video devices
10/100 Ethernet controller
• Integrated MAC and PHY with a general processor interface
• Supports 100Base-T and 10Base-T applications
• Supports full-duplex operation at 10 Mb/s and 100 Mb/s, with auto-MDIX
• Fully compliant with the IEEE 802.3u Specification
• Supports IP/TCP/UDP checksum generation and checking
• Supports back-pressure mode for half-duplex mode flow control
USB Host/Slave controller
• Complies fully with Universal Serial Bus Specification Rev. 2.0
• Supports data transfer at full-speed and low-speed
• Supports both USB host and device
• Two USB ports (one type A for a host and one type B for a device)
• Provides a high-speed parallel interface to most available processors; supports Nios II with a
Terasic driver
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• Supports Programmed I/O (PIO) and Direct Memory Access (DMA)
Serial ports
• One RS-232 port
• One PS/2 port
• DB-9 serial connector for the RS-232 port
• PS/2 connector for connecting a PS2 mouse or keyboard to the DE2 board
IrDA transceiver
• Contains a 115.2-kb/s infrared transceiver
• 32 mA LED drive current
• Integrated EMI shield
• IEC825-1 Class 1 eye safe
• Edge detection input
Two 40-pin expansion headers
• 72 Cyclone II I/O pins, as well as 8 power and ground lines, are brought out to two 40-pin
expansion connectors
• 40-pin header is designed to accept a standard 40-pin ribbon cable used for IDE hard drives
• Diode and resistor protection is provided
2.3 Power-up the DE2 Board
The DE2 board comes with a preloaded configuration bit stream to demonstrate some features of
the board. This bit stream also allows users to see quickly if the board is working properly. To
power-up the board perform the following steps:
1. Connect the provided USB cable from the host computer to the USB Blaster connector on
the DE2 board. For communication between the host and the DE2 board, it is necessary to
install the Altera USB Blaster driver software. If this driver is not already installed on the
host computer, it can be installed as explained in the tutorial Getting Started with Altera's
DE2 Board. This tutorial is available on the DE2 System CD-ROM and from the Altera
DE2 web pages.
2. Connect the 9V adapter to the DE2 board
3. Connect a VGA monitor to the VGA port on the DE2 board
4. Connect your headset to the Line-out audio port on the DE2 board
5. Turn the RUN/PROG switch on the left edge of the DE2 board to RUN position; the
PROG position is used only for the AS Mode programming
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6. Turn the power on by pressing the ON/OFF switch on the DE2 board
At this point you should observe the following:
• All user LEDs are flashing
• All 7-segment displays are cycling through the numbers 0 to F
• The LCD display shows Welcome to the Altera DE2 Board
• The VGA monitor displays the image shown in Figure 2.3.
• Set the toggle switch SW17 to the DOWN position; you should hear a 1-kHz sound
• Set the toggle switch SW17 to the UP position and connect the output of an audio player to
the Line-in connector on the DE2 board; on your headset you should hear the music played
from the audio player (MP3, PC, iPod, or the like)
• You can also connect a microphone to the Microphone-in connector on the DE2 board; your
voice will be mixed with the music played from the audio player
Figure 2.3. The default VGA output pattern.
Chapter 3
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DE2 User Manual
DE2 Control Panel
The DE2 board comes with a Control Panel facility that allows a user to access various components
on the board through a USB connection from a host computer. This chapter first presents some
basic functions of the Control Panel, then describes its structure in block diagram form, and finally
describes its capabilities.
3.1 Control Panel Setup
To run the Control Panel application, it is first necessary to configure a corresponding circuit in the
Cyclone II FPGA. This is done by downloading the configuration file DE2_USB_API.sof into the
FPGA. The downloading procedure is described in Section 4.1.
In addition to the DE2_USB_API.sof file, it is necessary to execute on the host computer the
program DE2_control_panel.exe. Both of these files are available on the DE2 System CD-ROM
that accompanies the DE2 board, in the directory DE2_control_panel. Of course, these files may
already have been installed to some other location on your computer system.
To activate the Control Panel, perform the following steps:
1. Connect the supplied USB cable to the USB Blaster port, connect the 9V power supply,
and turn the power switch ON
2. Set the RUN/PROG switch to the RUN position
3. Start the Quartus II software
4. Select Tools > Programmer to reach the window in Figure 3.1. Click on Add File and in
the pop-up window that appears select the DE2_USB_API.sof file. Next, click on the
Program/Configure box which results in the image displayed in the figure. Now, click
Start to download the configuration file into the FPGA.
5. Start the executable DE2_control_panel.exe on the host computer. The Control Panel user
interface shown in Figure 3.2 will appear.
6. Open the USB port by clicking Open > Open USB Port 0. The DE2 Control Panel
application will list all the USB ports that connect to DE2 boards. The DE2 Control Panel
can control up to 4 DE2 boards using the USB links. The Control Panel will occupy the
USB port until you close that port; you cannot use Quartus II to download a configuration
file into the FPGA until you close the USB port.
7. The Control Panel is now ready for use; experiment by setting the value of some 7-segment
display and observing the result on the DE2 board.
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Figure 3.1. Quartus II Programmer window.
Figure 3.2. The DE2 Control Panel.
The concept of the DE2 Control Panel is illustrated in Figure 3.3. The IP that performs the control
functions is implemented in the FPGA device. It communicates with the Control Panel window,
which is active on the host computer, via the USB Blaster link. The graphical interface is used to
issue commands to the control circuitry. The provided IP handles all requests and performs data
transfers between the computer and the DE2 board.
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DE2 User Manual
Figure 3.3. The DE2 Control Panel concept.
The DE2 Control Panel can be used to change the values displayed on 7-segment displays, light up
LEDs, talk to the PS/2 keyboard, read/write the SRAM, Flash Memory and SDRAM, load an image
pattern to display as VGA output, load music to the memory and play music via the audio DAC.
The feature of reading/writing a byte or an entire file from/to the Flash Memory allows the user to
develop multimedia applications (Flash Audio Player, Flash Picture Viewer) without worrying about
how to build a Flash Memory Programmer.
3.2 Controlling the LEDs, 7-Segment Displays and LCD Display
A simple function of the Control Panel is to allow setting the values displayed on LEDs, 7-segment
displays, and the LCD character display.
In the window shown in Figure 3.2, the values to be displayed by the 7-segment displays (which are
named HEX7-0) can be entered into the corresponding boxes and displayed by pressing the Set
button. A keyboard connected to the PS/2 port can be used to type text that will be displayed on the
LCD display.
Choosing the LED & LCD tab leads to the window in Figure 3.4. Here, you can turn the individual
LEDs on by selecting them and pressing the Set button. Text can be written to the LCD display by
typing it in the LCD box and pressing the corresponding Set button.
The ability to set arbitrary values into simple display devices is not needed in typical design
activities. However, it gives the user a simple mechanism for verifying that these devices are
functioning correctly in case a malfunction is suspected. Thus, it can be used for troubleshooting
purposes.
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Figure 3.4. Controlling LEDs and the LCD display.
3.3 SDRAM/SRAM Controller and Programmer
The Control Panel can be used to write/read data to/from the SDRAM and SRAM chips on the DE2
board. We will describe how the SDRAM may be accessed; the same approach is used to access the
SRAM. Click on the SDRAM tab to reach the window in Figure 3.5.
Figure 3.5. Accessing the SDRAM.
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A 16-bit word can be written into the SDRAM by entering the address of the desired location,
specifying the data to be written, and pressing the Write button. Contents of the location can be
read by pressing the Read button. Figure 3.5 depicts the result of writing the hexadecimal value
6CA into location 200, followed by reading the same location.
The Sequential Write function of the Control Panel is used to write the contents of a file into the
SDRAM as follows:
1. Specify the starting address in the Address box.
2. Specify the number of bytes to be written in the Length box. If the entire file is to be
loaded, then a checkmark may be placed in the File Length box instead of giving the
number of bytes.
3. To initiate the writing of data, click on the Write a File to SDRAM button.
4. When the Control Panel responds with the standard Windows dialog box asking for the
source file, specify the desired file in the usual manner.
The Control Panel also supports loading files with a .hex extension. Files with a .hex extension are
ASCII text files that specify memory values using ASCII characters to represent hexadecimal
values. For example, a file containing the line
0123456789ABCDEF
defines four 16-bit values: 0123, 4567, 89AB, CDEF. These values will be loaded consecutively
into the memory.
The Sequential Read function is used to read the contents of the SDRAM and place them into a file
as follows:
1. Specify the starting address in the Address box.
2. Specify the number of bytes to be copied into the file in the Length box. If the entire
contents of the SDRAM are to be copied (which involves all 8 Mbytes), then place a
checkmark in the Entire SDRAM box.
3. Press Load SDRAM Content to a File button.
4. When the Control Panel responds with the standard Windows dialog box asking for the
destination file, specify the desired file in the usual manner.
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3.4 Flash Memory Programmer
The Control Panel can be used to write/read data to/from the Flash memory chip on the DE2 board.
It can be used to:
• Erase the entire Flash memory
• Write one byte to the memory
• Read one byte from the memory
• Write a binary file to the memory
• Load the contents of the Flash memory into a file
Note the following characteristics of the Flash memory:
• The Flash memory chip is organized as 4 M (or 1 M on some boards) x 8 bits.
• You must erase the entire Flash memory before you can write into it. (Be aware that the
number of times a Flash memory can be erased is limited.)
• The time required to erase the entire Flash memory is about 20 seconds. Do not close the
DE2 Control Panel in the middle of the operation.
To open the Flash memory control window, shown in Figure 3.6, select the FLASH tab in the
Control Panel.
Figure 3.6. Flash memory control window.
A byte of data can be written into a random location on the Flash chip as follows:
1. Click on the Chip Erase button. The button and the window frame title will prompt you to
wait until the operation is finished, which takes about 20 seconds.
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2. Enter the desired address into the Address box and the data byte into the wDATA box.
Then, click on the Write button.
To read a byte of data from a random location, enter the address of the location and click on the
Read button. The rDATA box will display the data read back from the address specified.
The Sequential Write function is used to load a file into the Flash chip as follows:
1. Specify the starting address and the length of data (in bytes) to be written into the Flash
memory. You can click on the File Length checkbox to indicate that you want to load the
entire file.
2. Click on the Write a File to Flash button to activate the writing process.
3. When the Control Panel responds with the standard Windows dialog box asking for the
source file, specify the desired file in the usual manner.
The Sequential Read function is used to read the data stored in the Flash memory and write this data
into a file as follows:
1. Specify the starting address and the length of data (in bytes) to be read from the Flash
memory. You can click on the Entire Flash checkbox to indicate that you want to copy the
entire contents of the Flash memory into a specified file.
2. Click on the Load Flash Content to a File button to activate the reading process.
3. When the Control Panel responds with the standard Windows dialog box asking for the
destination file, specify the desired file in the usual manner.
3.5 Overall Structure of the DE2 Control Panel
The DE2 Control Panel facility communicates with a circuit that is instantiated in the Cyclone II
FPGA. This circuit is specified in Verilog code, which makes it possible for a knowledgeable user
to change the functionality of the Control Panel. The code is located inside the DE2_demonstrations
directory on the DE2 System CD-ROM.
To run the Control Panel, the user must first set it up as explained in Section 3.1. Figure 3.7 depicts
the structure of the Control Panel. Each input/output device is controlled by a controller instantiated
in the FPGA chip. The communication with the PC is done via the USB Blaster link. A Command
Controller circuit interprets the commands received from the PC and performs the appropriate
actions. The SDRAM, SRAM, and Flash Memory controllers have three user-selectable
asynchronous ports in addition to the Host port that provides a link with the Command Controller.
The connection between the VGA DAC Controller and the FPGA memory allows displaying of the
default image shown on the left side of the figure, which is stored in an M4K block in the Cyclone
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