Building Training Systems
for the Global Workplace
For over four decades, Lab-Volt has provided state-of- tems are modular and open-ended so that students may
the-art systems for technician training in the basic and enter or exit a program at many points. Lab-Volt training
most advanced applications of electricity and fluid power, systems bring technical theory to life, teaching the latest
microprocessors and controls, process instrumentation, technologies along with valuable troubleshooting, critical
and telecommunications. thinking, and reasoning skills.
Today, Lab-Volt’s highly effective approach to training Lab-Volt maintains a staff of educators, instructional
and education has earned us the distinction as the leading system designers, and engineers who are always available
North American producer of hands-on technical training to assist teachers, training directors, and administrators in
systems. Key to our success has been our ability to anticipate designing program content, selecting or modifying equip-
the applications of new technologies and develop modular ment and software, and providing professional teacher
training systems that allow us to address the basic, as well as training.
specialized, needs of industry and education. In our In designing our laboratory equipment, we ensure
approach to training and education, we begin by carefully compatibility with international power requirements that
defining each new training need. Next, we methodically prevail throughout North America, Africa, Asia, Europe,
design and create the best curriculum, instrumentation, the Middle East, South America, and Southeastern Asia.
Whether at a high school or community college in the
United States, an air traffic control center in Saudi Arabia,
or a technical institute in the Philippines, Lab-Volt training
systems provide state-of-the-art teaching and classroom
management tools built on computer-mediated platforms
that deliver, manage, and control the educational process.
Lab-Volt’s systems have been used to train technicians
who are successfully employed in leading multinational
companies such as General Telephone & Electronics,
Lockheed Aviation, United States Steel, Western Electric
and Westinghouse, Intel and Micron Semiconductor, Ford
Motor Company, General Motors, IBEW, Bell Telephone of
New Jersey, and many others. In addition, Lab-Volt-trained
technicians hold positions throughout the world at leading
colleges, universities, educational ministries, and military
installations.
FACET®, Lab-Volt Simulation Systems®, Lab-Volt
Automation®, and Tech-World® by Lab-Volt are among the
delivery method, management platform, and laboratory most widely used integrated technology education systems
furniture and configuration to suit real-world training goals today. Trainees in over 30,000 schools, industrial sites, and
and the real needs of students and instructors. military installations in over 50 countries worldwide use
Lab-Volt training systems are carefully balanced to Lab-Volt systems to learn the skills that are necessary to
provide a solid theoretical grounding in the subject matter, keep up with the world’s rapid technological growth well
along with numerous and diverse hands-on applications. into the next millennium.
By design, our first-quality, industry-standard training sys-
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Technical Training Systems
• Electric Power and Control • Tech-Design®
» Electromechanical » Communications
» Power Electronics and Drives » Transportation
» Power Transmission, Distribution, and » Construction
Protection » Manufacturing
» Industrial Controls » Bio-Related
• Telecommunications » Family & Consumer Sciences
» Digital and Analog Telecommunications
» Radar Technology
• Tech-World®
» Applications in Manufacturing
» Microwave Technology
» Antenna • Computer-Based Electronics
» Telephony
Training System (FACET®)
» Basic Principles of Electricity and
» Fiber Optic Communications
Electronics
• Manufacturing/Mechatronics
» Circuit Simulations
» Automation and Robotics
» Digital and Microprocessor Electronics
» Fluid Power
» Telecommunications
» Instrumentation and Process Control
» Industrial Electronics
» Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, and
Heating
» Exploratory Technology
CENTRAL SALES & MANUFACTURING OFFICES
LAB-VOLT SYSTEMS, INC.
Farmingdale, New Jersey, USA 07727
Telephone (732) 938-2000 Fax (732) 774-8573
Toll Free U.S. Telephone (800) LAB-VOLT
E-MAIL:
[email protected]
LAB-VOLT LIMITED
Québec, Québec, CANADA G2N 2K7
Telephone (418) 849-1000 Fax (418) 849-1666
Toll Free Canada Telephone (800) LAB-VOLT
E-MAIL:
[email protected]
LAB-VOLT’S WEB SITE
www.labvolt.com
©Copyright 2008 , Lab-Volt Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. All products featured in this guide are subject to change without
notice. Lab-Volt recognizes all product names used herein as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Lab-Volt is not responsible for typographical errors.
Known for Excellence in
Technical Training
Introducing Lab-Volt’s Award-Winning Training
Systems for Analog & Digital Communications
Lab-Volt’s Telecommunications
Training Systems form an essential train- FACET is a modular program
ing program for students with interest available as a manual or com-
in the dynamic and growing communi- puter-based (Windows) system.
cations industry. Because the Lab-Volt Each module requires a FACET
Telecommunications program is complete- base unit in order to power and
ly modular in design, students may enter it control the circuit board.
at any level according to their career goals For more information on the
and abilities. integrated FACET learning
The Telecommunications curriculum system and the exciting oppor-
incorporates hands-on experience with tunities it offers students in the
the basic principles and operations of study of advanced telecom-
electric and electronic communications munications technology, please
systems. Through computer-assisted see pages 5 to 15 or contact
learning, students are able to progress Lab-Volt or your representa-
from intermediate to advanced levels of tive for the Electronics Product
analog and digital systems, to applications Guide.
in microwave, fiber optics, antenna, and With the aid of the FACET
radar technologies. electronic classroom-man-
Simulation-assisted training is now agement system, GradePoint
offered for the Analog and Digital 2020™, instructors are able to
Communications Training Systems perform on-line vital manage-
under the innovative LVSIM®-ACOM ment tasks such as generating
and LVSIM®-DCOM platforms, the vir- multiple class rosters, analyz-
tual instrumentation of Lab-Volt’s Data ing test results, storing previ-
Acquisition and Management (LVDAM®- ous work, converting data to
COM) software, and the Lab-Volt Virtual numerical grades, monitoring
Instrumentation package, Model 1250. unit-by-unit progress, averag-
Using LVSIM-ACOM and LVSIM-DCOM ing group grades, providing
Microsoft® Windows®-based programs, comparative data for curving or
students are able to set up a virtual work- weighting class grades, track-
station using the computer desktop as a ing competency achievement
laboratory for demonstrating the principles and producing detailed compe-
of analog and digital communications. tency reports, and more.
Both platforms are Windows® Vista com-
patible. This innovative approach reduces
lab time and costs while increasing stu-
dent learning and retention.
FACET®
Seven modules in the Telecommunications
program derive from Lab-Volt’s award-
winning Computer-Based Electronics
Training System (FACET). These include:
• Analog Communications
• Digital Communications 1
• Digital Communications 2
• Fiber Optic Communications
• Digital Signal Processor
• Transmission Lines
• QPSK/ OQPSK/ DPSK
4
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Table of Contents
Product Highlights
Communications Technologies
Training System………………………………....6
Computer-Based Electronics Training
System (FACET®) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Modules feature a powerful management system and
simulation software.
FACET® TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
FACET System Base Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...9
FACET Analog Communications . . . . . . . . . . .10
FACET Digital Communications 1 . . . . . . . . . .11
FACET Digital Communications 2 . . . . . . . . . .12
FACET Fiber Optic Communications. . . . . . . .13
FACET Digital Signal Processor . . . . . . . . . . . .14
FACET Transmission Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
FACET QPSK/OQPSK/DPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Virtual Instrument Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
Communications Technologies
Training System………………………………...18
Analog Communications Training System 20
Digital Communications Training System . . . .21
LVSIM-ACOM & LVSIM-DCOM . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Simulation and Virtual Instruments for Analog &
Digital Communications
LVDAM-COM Data Acquisition and Management
for Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
TELEPHONY, MICROWAVE, AND RADAR
TECHNOLOGIES
Telephony Training System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Microwave Technology Training System. . . . .31
Antenna Training and Measuring System . . . .32
Radar Training System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
ORDERING INFORMATION
Courseware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
5
Communications Technologies Training Systems
“Communications Training System with tremendous flexibility at a reduced cost.”
The Lab-Volt Communications Technologies Training The Reconfigurable Training Module, Model 9431-1,
System, Model 8087, is a complete, state-of-the-art, digital used in the 8087 System is the same platform used for
communications training system, including instruments. many other Lab-Volt Training Systems, such as the 8086
Telephony Training System and 8096 Radar Training
Specially designed for hands-on training, this system System. Unlike conventional, hardware-based training
facilitates the study of many different types of digital systems that use a variety of physical modules to
modulation/demodulation technologies such as PAM, demonstrate different technologies and instruments, the
PWM, PPM, PCM, Delta Modulation, ASK, FSK, and BPSK Communications Technologies Training System uses the
as well as spectrally efficient technologies such as QPSK, Lab-Volt Communications Technologies (LVCT) software
QAM, and ADSL. Advanced communications technolo- along with a Reconfigurable Training Module (RTM) to
gies such as Spread Spectrum (direct sequence and fre- implement hardware; together these components provide
quency hopping) and CDMA are also covered. The system tremendous flexibility at a reduced cost.
is designed to reflect the standards commonly used in
modern communications systems.
The Windows®- based Lab-
Volt Communications Tech-
The Communications Technologies Training System nologies (LVCT) software
is based on a Reconfigurable Training Module (RTM) provides the user interface
and the Lab-Volt Communications Technologies (LVCT) and configures the RTM to
software. This approach allows for tremendous flexibility implement the communica-
tions technology selected by
at a reduced cost. Each of the communications technolo-
the user.
gies to be studied is provided as an application that can
be selected from a menu. Once loaded into the LVCT
software, the selected application configures the RTM
to implement the communications technology hardware
and presents a specially-designed user interface for the
student.
The courseware for the Communications Technologies
Training System consists of a series of student manuals
covering the different technologies as well as instruc-
tor guides that provide the answers to procedure step The RTM
questions and to review questions. The Communications Connections
diagram identifies
Technologies Training System and the accompanying
the RTM inputs
courseware provide a complete study program for these and outputs and
important technologies. shows the physical
connections.
Designed to reflect the standards commonly used in
practical digital communications systems.
• System-Oriented
• Real System and real frequencies – not simulations
• Modular
• Based on current technologies and standards
• MATLAB® Import/Export in ADSL applications The LVCT software
• Compatible signal levels components include:
• Oscilloscope
• Front-panel access to signals
• True RMS Voltmeter
• Fault insertion capabilities • Logic Analyzer
• Low-power for safety and compatibility • Spectrum Analyzer
• Short-circuit-proof • Constellation Viewer
6
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
FACET®
Modules Feature Powerful Management System and Simulation Software*
The following Telecommunications modules** are part
of Lab-Volt’s award-winning Computer-Based Electronics
Training System (FACET®):
• Analog Communications
• Digital Communications 1
• Digital Communications 2
• Fiber Optic Communications
• Digital Signal Processor
• Transmission Lines
• QPSK/ OQPSK/ DPSK
With these modules, instructors can use the following fea-
tures to enhance their teaching effectiveness and customize GradePoint 2020™ Electronic Classroom Manager
their curriculum: and Gradebook
Tech-Lab® FACET® System Utility • Real-time data collection: Students’ performance data on
tests and activities is automatically collected in the soft-
• Application Launch: A single click activates software ware. This enables instructors to provide instant feedback
applications – those included with the curriculum and oth- on students’ achievements, as well as areas in need of
ers that instructors may add. additional support.
• Teacher Annotations: Teachers can add supplementary • Easy grade viewing: Instructors can examine grades
information, notes, or instructions within the curriculum. from pre- and post-tests, on-line activities and assign-
ments, and overall grades in one grid.
• Course Content Editing: Easy-to-use graphical tools enable • Automatic computing and recording of grades.
the addition of information (transfer annotations to
curriculum screens), audio and video content, and even • Simple report generation: A click of a button will gener-
new modules. ate any of 20 reports.
• Assessment Editing: Instructors can edit pre- and post- • Manual setting of grade weights and competency
tests, competencies, and scenario-based assessment grad- thresholds.
ing with rubrics; and create tests with linked competen-
cies. NetOp School® Networked- Classroom Software
A single click within GradePoint 2020 provides access to
• Preferences for curriculum operation: Teachers can these additional capabilities:
activate media features, such as narration, closed caption-
ing, MPEG videos, and teacher annotations; topic prefer- • Supervision and Control: From their own computers,
ences such as prerequisites and quiz aids; and several instructors can observe students as they work, identify who
more options. needs assistance, and provide one-on-one instruction via
remote-control access to a student’s computer.
• Access to students’ electronic journals: Instructors can
communicate with students about notes they save in the • Demonstration broadcasts: Instructors can teach by
journals, projects, their progress, etc. example from their own or a student’s computer, to any
number of students.
Upon enrollment in the class, students receive the journals
and these other online, learning-enhancement tools to maxi- • Announcement posting: Teachers can send messages
mize their training experiences: to the entire class in one easy step.
• Real-time chats: Instructors can communicate with
• Internet Link Resource: An educational portal provides selected students in writing or audio (with headphones)
links to related web sites to expand and reinforce learning. without interrupting others.
• Text-to-Speech: Once activated by the instructor, students • Attention button: Instructors can bring the class to
can click on selected text to have the text narrated. attention with a single click.
Narration is possible in multiple languages for both existing
content and any text that teachers add. ** See pages 9 to 17 for details on these modules.
7
NetOp School® also minimizes administrative
time by:
• Launching programs on students’ computers with a
single command.
• Remotely rebooting students’ computers after
modifying the system.
State-of-the-Art Circuit-Simulation Software
with FACET Modules
The FACET curriculum incorporates state-of-the-art
software for studying, testing, and designing analog and
digital circuits: MultiSIM from Electronics Workbench.
This software features easy-to-use Electronic Design
Automation (EDA) tools for design engineers, educators,
and students. This graphic is a basic screen shot of the workspace of MultiSIM
when it is opened and a circuit has been created and is being
MultiSIM offers the following features: analyzed. The window in the lower right corner of the screen is an
instrument (oscilloscope), and the two palettes (gray rectangles)
• Schematic Capture along the left side are opened component bins.
• Advanced Component Database
• SPICE Simulation
• RF Design Kit
• Comprehensive selection of options for analysis and
display of results
• VHDL for fast, high-performance simulations;
includes a product manager, built-in text editor, and a
tool that writes custom shell codes
• Verilog, a fast, accurate simulator for operation at the
behavioral, gate, and switch levels
• Co-simulation, for designing central logic in the MultiSIM’s Internet Design Sharing allows colleagues in different
middle of printed circuit boards, or the interfacing locations to work on the same circuit as if they were in the same
between digital chips and the rest of the board room, controlling and examining the circuit together in real time.
Users can be around the corner, across town, or on opposite sides
• Project and Team Design, facilitates information of the globe.
sharing and a tighter design integration.
8
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
FACET® System Base Units
Model 91000-30, Model 91000-50, USB
manual base unit base unit with com-
with built-in power puter interface and
supply built-in power supply
The FACET base units provide students with a means fault is activated. In the troubleshooting exercises, faults
of operating, analyzing, and troubleshooting each FACET are inserted automatically by the computer, thereby freeing
circuit board. Additionally, the base units provide protec- the instructor to assist students with individual activities.
tion and voltage conditioning circuitry to run each FACET
board. Base units are available for manual or computer- COMPUTERIZED FACET SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
based systems. All systems require:
• FACET Base Unit
GENERAL FEATURES • Multimeter
• Distributed ±15 and variable ±10 Vdc power to the • Dual-Trace Oscilloscope
various circuit training blocks. Coarse and fine con- • Audio Function Generator
trols are provided to adjust the variable ±10 Vdc sup- • Courseware: manual (hard copy) or computer-based
plies. (Windows)
• Self-protection against short-circuit, reverse-voltage, • 100% compatible Windows® PC, Microsoft®
and over-voltage conditions. Windows 2000 Professional with Service Pack 3 or
• Long-life zero insertion force (ZIF) connector, with a higher, Pentium III class CPU (500 or higher), 512
rotary knob that locks the training module into the MB RAM, 40 GB hard drive (minimum 2000 MB free
base unit. The ZIF connector itself is protected from space), CD/DVD-ROM combo, SVGA Monitor capable
damage by built-in stops. of 32-bit color display at 1024 x 768 resolution, 16
• The fingers on the connectors are gold-plated for MB video card, 16 Bit Sound Blaster-compatible, full-
added durability. duplex sound card
MANUAL BASE UNIT FEATURES
The manual system base unit (Model 91000-30) comes
with an accessory kit containing terminal posts, connec-
tors, adapters, and patchcords required to perform experi-
ments on each FACET training module. Power is con-
nected to the base by standard banana-plug test cables.
Two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) the base unit also
indicate the presence of an external power source and the
appropriate power conditions to perform experiments. A
locking cover houses 12 fault-insertion switches; 32 toggle
switches are available for student circuit modification.
COMPUTERIZED BASE UNIT FEATURES
The computerized base unit (91000-50) contains 32 reed
relays controlled by commands from the host microcom-
puter. Model 91000-50 is linked to the microprocessor
via a USB port. Circuit modifications (CMs) and faults are
switched in and out automatically by the software. A mes-
sage on a student’s computer screen indicates that a CM or
9
FACET® ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
MODEL 91018
With the Analog Communications circuit board, stu-
dents can configure, operate, and troubleshoot the follow-
ing circuits: Amplitude Modulation (AM) Transmitter and
Receiver, Single-Sideband (SSB) Transmitter and Receiver,
Frequency Modulator (FM), Phase Modulator (PM), Quadrature
Detector (FM Demodulation), Phase-Locked Loop (PLL), and
PLL FM Detector.
In this course, students receive hands-on circuit training
and acquire skills to measure radio signals with an oscillo-
scope. Students also learn the functions of oscillators, filters,
amplifiers, LC networks, modulators, limiters, mixers, and
detectors in communication circuits. Circuit modifications
and faults allow students to develop troubleshooting skills.
The Analog Communications circuit board is designed to
operate in the FACET system environment.
TOPIC COVERAGE
• Analog Communications Concepts
• Circuit Board Familiarization
• Amplitude Modulation (AM)
• RF Power Amplifier
• Balanced Modulator
• RF Stage
• Mixer, IF Filter, and Envelope Detector
• Balanced Modulator and LSB Filter
• Mixer and RF Power Amplifier
• RF Stage, Mixer, and IF Filter
• Product Detector and Automatic Gain Control
• Frequency Modulation (FM) and Phase Modulation (PM)
• Demodulation (Quadrature Detector)
• PLL (Phased-Locked Loop) Circuit and Operation
• FM Detection with a PLL
• Troubleshooting Basics
• Troubleshooting Analog Communications Circuits
FEATURES
Seven circuit blocks:
• Amplitude Modulation (AM) Transmitter and Single-
Sideband (SSB) Transmitter
• AM Receiver and SSB Receiver
• Frequency Modulator (FM)
• Phase Modulator (PM)
• Quadrature Detector (Demodulation)
• Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) Circuit
• PLL FM Detector
ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
35 hours
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
English, Spanish, French, Portuguese
10
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
FACET® DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS 1
MODEL 91022
With the Digital Communications 1 circuit board, stu-
dents can configure, operate, and troubleshoot the follow-
ing circuits: Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM), Pulse-
Time Modulation (PTM), Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM),
Pulse- Amplitude Modulation/Time-Division Multiplexing
(PAM-TDM), and Delta Modulation (DM). Each circuit block
contains a modulator for transmission and a demodulator for
reception.
Also in this course, students learn the operation and func-
tion of the following: sampler, sample/hold, adder, ramp
generator, comparator, limiter, filter, CODEC, PLL, compres-
sor, expander, integrator, differentiator, latched compare,
speaker amplifier, and channel simulator. Circuit modifica-
tions and faults allow students to develop troubleshooting
skills.
The Digital Communications 1 circuit board is designed to
operate in the FACET system environment.
TOPIC COVERAGE
• Concepts of Digital Communications
• Circuit Board Familiarization
• Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Signal Generation
• PAM Signal Demodulation
• PAM - Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) Transmission
• PAM - TDM Reception
• Pulse-Time Modulation (PTM) Signal Demodulation
• PTM Signal Generation
• Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM) Signal Generation and
Demodulation
• PCM Signal TDM
• Delta Modulation (DM) Transmitter
• DM Receiver and Noise
• Channel Bandwidth
• Channel Noise
• Troubleshooting Basics
• Troubleshooting Digital Communications 1 Circuits
FEATURES
• Circuit blocks for the study of PAM, PTM, PCM,
PAM-TDM, and DM
• Each circuit block contains a modulator for transmission
and a demodulator for reception.
• Built-in Channel Simulation and speaker amplification
circuitry.
• The Channel Simulator circuit block enables students to
investigate the effects of noise and channel bandwidth on
pulse and digital modulation signals.
• The Speaker Amp circuit block permits students to
connect a speaker and listen to the signals.
• Communication signals are synchronized for easy display.
ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
35 hours
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
English, Spanish, French, Portuguese
11
FACET® DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS 2
MODEL 91023
With the Digital Communications 2 circuit board, stu-
dents can configure, operate, and troubleshoot the following
circuits: NRZ, RZ, Manchester encoding and decoding,
clock synchronizer, frequency-shift keying (FSK) genera-
tion, FSK asynchronous and synchronous detection, phase-
shift keying (PSK) generation, PSK synchronous detection,
amplitude-shift keying (ASK) generation, ASK asynchronous
and synchronous detection, channel effects, and FSK/DPSK
(differential phase-shift keying) modem.
Following a carefully designed instructional program,
students will become familiar with all components of the
board; will be able to isolate, identify, and test a series of
circuits; and will perform troubleshooting exercises to dem-
onstrate mastery of the course objectives.
The Digital Communications 2 circuit board is designed to
operate in the FACET system environment.
TOPIC COVERAGE
• Circuit Board Familiarization
• Introduction to Digital Transmission
• Encoding
• Decoding
• Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK) Signal Generation
• FSK Asynchronous Detection
• FSK Synchronous Detection
• Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) Signal Generation
• PSK Synchronous Detection
• Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK) Signal Generation
• ASK Asynchronous Detection
• The Channel Simulator
• Effects of Noise on ASK and PSK Signals
• Effects of Noise on Asynchronously and Synchronously
Detected FSK Signals
• Operation of an FSK Modem
• Operation of a DPSK (differential phase-shift keying)
Modem
• Troubleshooting Basics
• Troubleshooting Digital Communications 2 Circuits
FEATURES
• Circuit blocks allow for the study of line encoding, modu-
lators, channel simulator, sync. detector, and modems.
• The Channel Simulator circuit block and a bit error rate
(BER) counter enable students to evaluate the effects of
noise on ASK and PSK modulated carrier signals.
• The Modem circuit block contains an FSK/DPSK modem
IC, which students use in a loop-back mode to observe
the entire signal path.
• Communication signals are synchronized for easy display.
ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
40 hours
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
English, Spanish, French, Portuguese
12
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
FACET® FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS
MODEL 91025
The Fiber Optic Communications circuit board provides
students with a solid foundation in the theory and practice
of fiber optic communications technology. The eleven circuit
blocks provide hands-on experimentation with several vari-
eties of fiber optic transmission and reception.
Through the interactive CBL (computer-based learning)
format, the student learns the principles of both analog and
digital transmission and reception using fiber optic com-
munication links. The circuit board may be used with the
FACET base unit or as a stand-alone trainer.
TOPIC COVERAGE
• Circuit Board Familiarization
• Introduction to Fiber Optic Communications
• Scattering and Absorption Losses
• Connectors and Polishing
• Numerical Aperture and Core Area
• Bending Loss and Modal Dispersion
• Light Source
• Driver Circuit
• Source-to-Fiber Connection
• Light Detector
• Output Circuit
• Fiber Optic Test Equipment
• Optical Power Budgets
• Analog Communications
• Digital Communications*
• Troubleshooting
FEATURES
• Circuit blocks include a fiber optic transmitter and
receiver, analog and digital transmitters, analog and digi-
tal receivers, an RS-232 interface, a photo-transistor, light-
emitting diodes (LEDs), and more.
• FACET base unit or stand-alone operation
• ST connections
• Multimode 62.5/125 cm glass, and 980/1000 cm plastic
cables
• High-speed 820 nm transmitter
• Integrated PIN photodiode receiver
• Digital and analog communications channels
• Full handshake RS-232 interface using Time-Division
Multiplexing (TDM) and Manchester coding
• On-board microphone and speaker
ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
• 30 hours
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
English, Spanish, French, Portuguese
* For this exercise, the computer interface requires optional
equipment: FACET 32-Bit Microprocessor module (91017-20)
plus accessories: 9V power supply (91730), Cable (31217-00)
and Adapter (31216-00). Additional option includes Polishing Kit
(92026).
13
FACET® DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR
MODEL 91027
The Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Model 91027, is
the first trainer on the market to teach students the
control devices and data-processing capabilities of a
DSP. Through the operation of the DSP circuit board and
accompanying courseware, students gain insight into
the internal architecture of a DSP. The unit can be used
either with the FACET base unit or as a stand-alone
trainer.
The module contains a DSP (TMS320C50), a DC
power source, a microphone preamplifier, and an audio
amplifier. An eight-position dipswitch, a four-digit
display, push-button switches, and analog input and
output connections to the DSP enable students to probe
the structure of the TMS320C50 DSP. The auxiliary I/O
circuit block has headers that enable students to design
additional experiments or prototypes of DSP-controlled
circuits.
Through a serial link to a computer, Windows-based
debugger software enables direct interaction with the
DSP registers, memory, and peripherals.
TOPIC COVERAGE
• Introduction to the Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
Circuit Board
• The Assembler and the Debugger
• Numerical Formats
• Arithmetic in a DSP
• Memory Structure
• Address Generation Unit
• Program Control
• Pipelining
• Peripherals
• Signal Processing: The FIR Filter
ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
25 hours
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
English, Spanish, French, Portuguese
14
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
FACET® TRANSMISSION LINES
MODEL 91028
The Transmission Lines circuit board, Model 91028,
provides students with the theory and measurement
skills required to implement and test transmission
designs. Students first learn the principles and opera-
tional characteristics of transmission lines. They then
learn how to conduct transmission line measurements
under transient and sinusoidal steady-state conditions.
Finally, students acquire a valuable foundation in the
theory and practice of time-domain reflectometry (TDR),
as well as impedance matching and transformation.
The circuit board uses two RG-174 coaxial cables,
each a length of 24 meters (78.7 feet). They can be used
separately or connected end-to-end. Each line has five
probing points that permit observation and measure-
ments of signals along the line, using an oscilloscope.
Two generators are provided to study the transmis-
sion line behavior: a step generator that produces a
50-kHz square-wave voltage for transient behavior test-
ing, and a signal generator that produces a sinusoidal
voltage of variable frequency (5 kHz - 5 MHz) for steady-
state behavior testing. Each generator has several BNC
outputs providing different output impedances.
A load section, consisting of a configurable network
of resistors, inductors, and capacitors, permits connec-
tion of different load impedances to the receiving end of
each line.
The circuit board may be used in the FACET base
unit, or as a stand-alone unit.
TOPIC COVERAGE
• Introduction to the Transmission Lines Circuit Board
• Velocity of propagation
• Behavior of transmission line under various load
impedances
• Attenuation and Distortion
• Reflection coefficient at the load and generator
• Measuring complex load impedances
• Using time domain reflectometry (TDR) to locate dis
continuities on a line
• Standing waves and standing-wave ratio
• Reflection coefficients, return/mismatch losses, and
transmission coefficients at the load
• Measuring line attenuation and insertion losses
• Measuring the length of a line
• Resonant lines and impedance transmission
ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
25 hours
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
English
15
FACET® QPSK/OQPSK/DPSK
MODEL 91029
Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a method of digital com-
munication in which the phase of a transmitted signal
is varied to convey information.
The QPSK/OQPSK/DPSK board provides students
with the theory and measurement skills required to
implement and test different types of PSK modulation
and demodulation techniques used in pulse-coded
modulation (PCM) schemes.
The student first learns the principles and opera-
tional characteristics of unipolar and bipolar signals in
a baseband transmission. Next, the student measures
and compares BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, and DPSK signals
in the time and frequency domains using an oscillo-
scope and spectrum analyzer, respectively. Lastly, the
student becomes familiar with all components of the
board; isolates, identifies, and tests a series of circuits;
and performs troubleshooting exercises to demonstrate
mastery of the course objectives.
TOPIC COVERAGE
• Digital modulation
• Baseband signals
• Passband signals
• Partitioning of pulse streams
• Signal constellations for MPSK
• General MPSK equations
• Heterodyning baseband signals with a carrier
• Unipolar and bipolar signals in time domain
• Unipolar and bipolar signals in the frequency domain
• Binary PSK (BPSK) modulation and demodulation
• Quadratic PSK (QPSK modulation and demodulation
• Offset QPSK (OQPSK) modulation and demodulation
• Differential PSK (DPSK) encoding and decoding
ADDITIONAL FEATURES
• Communication signals are synchronized for easy
display
• Digital signals observed in both time and frequency
domains
• Courseware interfaces with the Lab-Volt Virtual
Instrument, Model 1250
• Built-in adjustable NRZ GENERATOR provides
various bit pattern streams
• Adjustable bandwidth channel simulator
ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
20 hours
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
English
16
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT PACKAGE
MODEL 1250
The Lab-Volt Virtual Instrument Package, Model 1250, MULTIMETER
is a lightweight, compact, and portable desktop unit that The Multimeter mea-
replaces standard desktop test equipment (FACET Digital sures voltage (AC/DC),
Multimeter/AF Generator, Model 1247, and oscilloscope) current (AC/DC), resis-
tance, and frequency.
with a powerful, space-saving instrumentation package
The maximum AC fre-
and software that gives students state-of-the-art tools quency response is 5
to measure, analyze, observe, and report the results of MHz. Several types of
electronic circuit tests. It can be used with the following measurements -- such
Microsoft® Windows operating systems: 95, 98, NT 4.0 as true RMS, peak-to-
(with service pack 6), 2000, Me, and XP. peak, mean, dBm, max,
Fully integrated with the FACET Electronics Training min, power, and duty
program, the Lab-Volt Virtual Instrument Package enables cycle --are available.
students to conduct all experiments that would otherwise
be performed with separate testing instruments.
The complete Lab-Volt Virtual Instrument Package
includes a desktop unit containing the following instru- SIGNAL GENERATOR
The single-channel
ments: Signal Generator pro-
• Digital Storage Oscilloscope duces sine, square, and
• Multimeter triangle waveforms with
• Function Generator a frequency range of 0.01
• Spectrum Analyzer Hz to 500 KHz. The out-
• Transient Recorder put amplitude is
0-20 Vp-p (no load) with
The package also includes all necessary software, an output impedance of
50 W.
cables, a user manual, two oscilloscope probes (switch-
able 1:1 - 1:10), test leads, and a data acquisition instru-
ment that can be connected to the parallel printer port
of a personal computer. The Lab-Volt Virtual Instrument
Package can be powered from 110 to 240 Vac (50/60 Hz)
SPECTRUM
or 12 to 24 Vdc for portability. ANALYZER
Students use the keyboard, mouse, and computer The dual-channel
screens to control and display the five measuring instru- Spectrum Analyzer
ments. The Windows-based software menu and tool bars graphically displays
allow inexperienced students to carry out measurements voltage as a function
easily. Measured data can be printed out or stored on a of frequency. It has a
floppy disk or network. maximum frequency
With the Lab-Volt Virtual Instrument Package, stu- range of 25 MHz with
an accuracy of 0.1%.
dents gain experience using modern measurement tech-
The software supports
niques that prepare them for real jobs in today’s electron- six window functions.
ics industries.
DUAL-CHANNEL TRANSIENT RECORDER
OSCILLOSCOPE The dual-channel
The dual-channel Transient Recorder
oscilloscope has a measures slowly chang-
25 MS/s sampling ing events, such as tem-
rate in dual-chan- perature and pressure
nel mode, and changes. Measuring
50 MS/s sampling time between events
rate in single-chan- is 0.01 sec to 300 sec.
nel mode. Cursors Cursors are available to
are available to analyze the measured
perform voltage, time, phase, and frequency signals.
measurements on the displayed signal. An
external trigger input is located at the back
of the unit.
17
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES TRAINING SYSTEM
MODEL 8087
The Lab-Volt Communications Technologies Training FEATURES
System is a state-of-the-art communications training • Flexible, future-proofed, open system using a high per-
system, including instruments. Specially designed for formance DSP-based Reconfigurable Training Module
hands-on training, this system facilitates the study of (RTM) with slots for up to three plug-in interface mod-
many different types of digital modulation/demodula- ules.
tion technologies such as PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM, Delta • Two plug-in interface modules are included: the Data
Modulation, ASK, FSK, and BPSK as well as spectrally Acquisition Interface and the Analog/Digital Output
efficient technologies such as QPSK, QAM, and ADSL. Interface.
Advanced communications technologies such as Spread • Applications include on-screen block diagrams of cir-
Spectrum (direct sequence and frequency hopping) and cuits with numerous Test Points and/or Test Busses for
CDMA are also covered. The system is designed to reflect connecting virtual instruments.
the standards commonly used in modern communications • The LVCT software includes a number of virtual instru-
systems. ments, such as an oscilloscope, logic analyzer, spectrum
The Communications Technologies Training System is analyzer, and a true RMS voltmeter (depending on the
based on a Reconfigurable Training Module (RTM) and application). The ADSL application provides two con-
the Lab-Volt Communications Technologies (LVCT) soft- stellation viewers.
ware. One of the benefits of this approach is flexibility at • Fault-insertion capability allows the teaching of trouble-
a reduced cost. Each of the communications technolo- shooting.
gies to be studied is provided as an application that can • Comprehensive courseware provides theory and step-
be selected from a menu. Once loaded into the LVCT by-step laboratory procedures for each technology.
software, the selected application configures the RTM • Applications such as ADSL include provision for export-
to implement the communications technology hardware ing and importing tables of data in a MATLAB®-
and presents a specially-designed user interface for the compatible format.
student.
You can upgrade your system at any time to cover REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
additional technologies simply by purchasing additional Computer (Pentium 4 or better), running Windows® XP or
communications technology applications. This approach Windows® Vista, including a 3D graphics card (dual moni-
effectively “future-proofs” your training system. tor support is recommended) and a Fast Ethernet (100Mb/s)
network interface adapter.
TOPIC COVERAGE
• PAM/PWM/PPM SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT
• PCM/DPCM/Delta Modulation • Communications Technologies Host Computer (with dual
• ASK/FSK/BPSK monitors, LVCT software pre-installed)
• QPSK/ DQPSK • Dual trace oscilloscope
• QAM/DQAM
• ADSL SYSTEM VOLTAGES
• Spectrum Analysis 120, 220, 240 V - 50/60 Hz
• Advanced Telecommunications such as CDMA and
Spread Spectrum (FHSS and DSS)
18
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
• Volume 1 35 Hours
• Volume 2 40 Hours
• Volume 3 25 Hours
• Volume 4 20 Hours
• Volume 5 20 Hours
• Volume 6 20 Hours
LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
English, Spanish, French
The Lab-Volt Communications Technologies (LVCT)
software provides the user interface and configures
the RTM to implement the communication
technology selected by the user.
The System Diagram shows the overall system and
interconnections for the selected application.
Probes can be dragged from the Probes bar and
connected to circuit Test Points in order to observe
signals using the virtual instruments.
The RTM Connections diagram identifies the
RTM inputs and outputs and shows the physical
connections.
Circuit diagram shows the functional blocks of
each circuit. Pan and Zoom functions allow easy
navigation.
19
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS TRAINING SYSTEM
MODEL 8080
The Lab-Volt Analog Communications Training System
is the first in a comprehensive series of advanced sys-
tems-level programs that use the latest communications
technologies to teach analog communications theories
and practices in a variety of training environments.
The system consists of six instructional modules sup-
ported by six instrumentation modules, and courseware
that provides hands-on exercises in the generation,
transmission, and reception of amplitude, double side-
band, single sideband, frequency, and phase-modulat-
ed signals [Amplitude Modulation (AM), Double-Sided
Modulation (DSB), Single-Sideband Modulation (SSB),
Frequency Modulation (FM) and Pulse Modulation (PM)].
A door on the top of each instructional module provides
access to circuit boards, test points, and fault-insertion
switches. FEATURES
Model 8080-A0, an alternate system, includes the • System applications cover the areas of generation,
LVDAM-COM software and interface, Model 9407, transmission, and reception of amplitude, double side-
which replaces three of the six instrumentation modules band, single sideband, frequency, and phase-modulated
(Frequency Counter, True RMS Voltmeter/Power Meter, signals.
and Spectrum Analyzer) of the standard system and an • Instructor-enabled fault switches enhance and develop
oscilloscope, with a set of computer-based instruments. students’ troubleshooting skills.
See page 24 for additional information. • System design allows performance of voltage and signal
measurements, alignment, calibration, and signal tracing.
TOPIC COVERAGE • Coaxial cables eliminate radiation and noise interference.
• System can be wireless with the use of antennas in place
VOLUME 1, INSTRUMENTATION of coaxial cable.
• Concepts and Equipment • Noise can be introduced to simulate atmospheric distur-
• Spectral Analysis bances, and to provide realistic signal-to-noise evalua-
• Modulation Fundamentals tion.
• A Power Supply/Dual Audio Amplifier is the base of the
VOLUME 2, AM/DSB/SSB complete system.
• Amplitude Modulation (AM) Fundamentals
• The Generation of AM Signals REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
• Reception of AM Signals Oscilloscope (not required with alternate system 8080-A0)
• Double-Sideband (DSB) Modulation
• Single-Sideband (SSB) Modulation SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT
• Troubleshooting AM Communications Systems X-Y Recorder
VOLUME 3, FM/PM SYSTEM VOLTAGES
• Frequency Modulation (FM) Concepts 120, 220, 240 V - 50/60 Hz
• Fundamentals of Frequency Modulation
• Narrowband Angle Modulation ESTIMATED PROGRAM HOURS
• Wideband Frequency Modulation • Volume 1 30 hours
• Generation of FM Signals • Volume 2 50 hours
• Reception of FM Signals • Volume 3 60 hours
• Frequency Division Multiplexing
• Noise in Frequency Modulation LANGUAGE VARIATIONS
• Troubleshooting FM Communications Systems English, Spanish, French
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