Luận văn: "Nghiên cứu ngôn ngữ UML và ứng dụng"
Giờ đây, công nghệ phần mềm đã và đang tiến bộ từng ngày, hàng loạt những kỷ thuật, những công nghệ mới ra đời giúp cho việc phát triển các hệ thống phần mềm ngày càng đơn giản hơn. Một trong những lĩnh vực quan trọng và có ảnh hưởng đến sự thành công của việc phát triển phần mềm là việc mô hình hóa phần mềm
Luận văn
Nghiên cứu ngôn ngữ UML
và ứng dụng
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MUÅC LUÅC
LÚÂI CAÃM ÚN...............................................................................................19
LÚÂI MÚÃ ÀÊÌU ...............................................................................................20
MÖÅT SÖË TÛÂ VIÏËT TÙÆT ...............................................................................22
Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................23
TÖÍNG QUAN 1 ............................................................................................23
1.1. Yïu cêìu thûåc tïë ...................................................................................23
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 2 ............................................................................24
1.2. Giúái thiïåu UML ..................................................................................24
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 3 ............................................................................25
1.3 Nguyïn nhên ra àúâi ..............................................................................25
1.3. Nguyïn nhên ra àúâi .............................................................................25
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 4 ............................................................................26
1.4. Têìm quan troång cuãa viïåc mö hònh hoáa ..................................................26
Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................27
TÖÍNG QUAN 5 ............................................................................................27
1.5. Xu hûúáng phaát triïín trong ngaânh cöng nghïå phêìn mïìm .........................27
Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................28
TÖÍNG QUAN 6 ............................................................................................28
1.3.3. Sûå höåi tuå cuãa caác cöng nghïå ..............................................................28
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 7 ............................................................................29
1.7. UML húåp nhêët caác yá tûúãng nöîi bêåt vaâ nhûäng vêën àïì thûåc tïë trong quaá
trònh phaát triïín cuãa cöng nghïå phêìn mïìm....................................................29
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 8 ............................................................................30
1.8. UML àöåc lêåp vúái ngön ngûä lêåp trònh vaâ qui trònh phaát triïín phêìn mïìm ..30
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 9 ............................................................................30
1.9. UML laâ ngön ngûä mö hònh hoáa àa duång (general purpose)....................30
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 10 ..........................................................................31
1.10. UML àûúåc höî trúå búãi caác cöng ty, cöng cuå phaát triïín phêìn mïìm .........31
1.10.1. UML laâ möåt chuêín cöng nghiïåp ..................................................31
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1.10.2. Caác lúåi ñch cuãa UML...................................................................31
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 11 ..........................................................................32
1.11. Àöëi vúái ngûúâi sûã duång UML..............................................................32
1.11.1. UML cung cêëp cú chïë múã röång vaâ àùåc biïåt hoáa àïí múã röång caác khaái
niïåm cöët loäi............................................................................................32
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 12 ..........................................................................33
1.12. UML àêíy maånh taái sûã duång trong nïìn cöng nghïå phêìn mïìm. ..............33
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 13 ..........................................................................34
1.13. So saánh vúái caác phûúng phaáp khaác .....................................................34
Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................35
TÖÍNG QUAN 14 ..........................................................................................35
Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................36
TÖÍNG QUAN 15 ..........................................................................................36
1.15. Lõch sûã phaát triïín ..............................................................................36
Chûúng 1 ......................................................................................................36
TÖÍNG QUAN 16 ..........................................................................................36
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 17 ..........................................................................37
1.17. Kiïën truác töíng quan cuãa UML ...........................................................37
1.17.1. Kiïën truác cuãa UML.....................................................................37
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 18 ..........................................................................38
1.18. Caác mö hònh......................................................................................38
1.18.1. Cêëu truác View ............................................................................38
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 19 ..........................................................................39
1.19. Nhûäng lûúåc àöì ..................................................................................39
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 20 ..........................................................................39
Chûúng 1 TÖÍNG QUAN 21 ..........................................................................40
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 22.......................................................................................41
2.1. Giúái thiïåu ...........................................................................................41
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 23.......................................................................................42
2.2 Töíng quan vïì caác loaåi quan hïå giûäa caác thaânh töë ...................................42
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 24.......................................................................................43
2.3. Quan hïå töíng quaát hoáa (generalization)................................................43
2.3.1. Quan hïå kïët húåp (association) .......................................................43
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Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 25.......................................................................................44
2.5. Quan hïå phuå thuöåc (dependency).........................................................44
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 26.......................................................................................45
2.6. Töíng quan vïì caác thaânh töë vaâ cêëu truác UML metamodel.......................45
2.6.1. Phên loaåi thaânh töë trong UML metamodel .....................................45
2.6.2. Cêëu truác UML metamodel.............................................................45
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 27.......................................................................................46
2.7. Package Foundation (goái nïìn taãng) ......................................................46
2.7.1. Package Core (goái cöët loäi).............................................................46
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 28.......................................................................................47
2.8. Mö hònh Backbone (sûúân) ...................................................................47
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 29.......................................................................................48
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 30.......................................................................................49
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 31.......................................................................................49
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 32.......................................................................................50
2.12. Mö hònh Relationships (caác quan hïå)..................................................50
2.12.1. Quan hïå töíng quaát hoáa (generalization)........................................50
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 33.......................................................................................51
2.13. Quan hïå kïët húåp (Association)...........................................................51
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 34.......................................................................................51
2.14. Lúáp kïët húåp (AssociationClass) .........................................................51
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 35.......................................................................................52
2.15. Mö hònh Classifiers (caác àùåc biïåt hoáa cuãa classifiers)..........................52
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 36.......................................................................................52
2.16. Class (lúáp) ........................................................................................52
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Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 37.......................................................................................53
2.17. Interface (giao diïån) ..........................................................................53
2.17.1. DataType (kiïíu dûä liïåu) ..............................................................53
2.17.2. Node (nuát)..................................................................................53
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 38.......................................................................................54
2.38. Component (thaânh phêìn) ...................................................................54
2.38.1. Mö hònh Dependencies (caác quan hïå phuå thuöåc)...........................54
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 39.......................................................................................55
2.39. Binding (gùæn)....................................................................................55
2.39.1. Abstraction (trûâu tûúång hoáa) .......................................................55
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 40.......................................................................................55
2.40. Usage (sûã duång) ................................................................................55
2.40.1. Permisson (cho pheáp)..................................................................55
2.41.2. Mö hònh AuxiliaryElements (caác thaânh töë böí sung) ......................55
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 41.......................................................................................56
2.41. TemplateParameter (tham söë cho mêîu)...............................................56
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 42.......................................................................................56
2.42. PresentationElement (thaânh töë biïíu diïîn trûåc quan) ............................56
2.42.1. Package Extension Mechanisms (goái cú chïë múã röång)..................57
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 43.......................................................................................57
2.43. Constraint (raâng buöåc).......................................................................57
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 44.......................................................................................58
2.44. Tagged Value (theã giaá trõ)..................................................................58
2.44.1. Caác kiïíu dûä liïåu trong UML metamodel (Data Types)..................58
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 45.......................................................................................59
2.45. Caác kiïíu dûä liïåu trong Data Types .....................................................59
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 46.......................................................................................59
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Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 47.......................................................................................60
2.47. Package Behavioural Elements (goái thaânh töë haânh vi).........................60
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 48.......................................................................................61
2.48. Package Common Behavior (goái haânh vi töíng quaát) ...........................61
2.48.1. Mö hònh Signals (tñn hiïåu)...........................................................61
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 49.......................................................................................62
2.49. Reception (thaânh töë nhêån tñn hiïåu) .....................................................62
2.49.1. Signal (tñn hiïåu) ..........................................................................62
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 50.......................................................................................62
2.50. Exception (löîi biïåt lïå) ........................................................................62
2.50.1. Mö hònh Actions (taác àöång).........................................................62
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 51.......................................................................................63
2.51. Argument (àöëi söë) .............................................................................63
2.51.1. Action (taác àöång)........................................................................63
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 52.......................................................................................64
2.52. ActionSequence (taác àöång phûác)........................................................64
2.52.1. Mö hònh Instances and Links (thïí hiïån vaâ liïn kïët).......................64
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 53.......................................................................................64
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 54.......................................................................................65
2.54. Stimulus (taác nhên) ...........................................................................65
2.54.2. AttributeLink (theã thuöåc tñnh)......................................................65
2.54.2. LinkEnd (möëi liïn kïët)................................................................65
2.54.3. Link (liïn kïët).............................................................................65
2.54.4. Instance (thïí hiïån) ......................................................................65
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 55.......................................................................................66
2.55. Package Collaborations (goái cöång taác)............................................66
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 56.......................................................................................66
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Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 57.......................................................................................67
2.57. AssociationEndRole (vai cuãa möëi kïët húåp).........................................67
2.57.1. AssociationRole (vai cuãa quan hïå kïët húåp)...................................67
2.57.2. ClassifierRole (vai cuãa Classifier) ...............................................67
2.57.3. Collaboration (cöång taác)..............................................................67
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 58.......................................................................................68
2.58. Message (thöng àiïåp) ........................................................................68
2.58.1. Package Use Cases (goái Use Cases).............................................68
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 59.......................................................................................69
2.59. Actor (taác nhên) ................................................................................69
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 60.......................................................................................69
2.60. Extend (múã röång)..............................................................................69
2.60.1. Include (bao göìm).......................................................................69
2.60.2. UseCase .....................................................................................69
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 61.......................................................................................70
2.61. Package State Machines (goái mö hònh traång thaái)................................70
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 62.......................................................................................71
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 63.......................................................................................71
2.63. StateVertex (àiïím traång thaái).............................................................71
2.63. State (traång thaái) ...............................................................................71
2.63.1. PseudoState (traång thaái giaã) .........................................................71
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 64.......................................................................................73
2.64. Transition (chuyïín traång thaái) ............................................................73
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 65.......................................................................................73
2.65. CompositeState (traång thaái phûác).......................................................73
2.65.1. StateMachine .................................................................................74
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 66.......................................................................................74
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2.66. Mö hònh Events (sûå kiïån)...................................................................74
2.66.1. Package Activity Graphs (goái lûúåc àöì hoaåt àöång).........................74
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 67.......................................................................................75
2.67. ActionState (traång thaái hoaåt àöång)......................................................75
2.67.1. ActivityGraph (àöì thõ hoaåt àöång).................................................75
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 68.......................................................................................76
2.68. ObjectFlowState (traång thaái àöëi tûúång luên chuyïín)............................76
2.68.1. Partition (vuâng) ..........................................................................76
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 69.......................................................................................76
2.69. Package Model Management (goái quaãn trõ mö hònh)...........................76
2.69.1. Elementimport............................................................................77
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 70.......................................................................................77
2.70. Model (mö hònh) ...............................................................................77
2.70.1. Package (goái)..............................................................................77
2.70.2. Subsystem (hïå thöëng con) ...........................................................77
Chûúng 2 NGÛÄ NGHÔA VAÂ CUÁ PHAÁP CAÁC THAÂNH TÖË TRONG UML
(UML Semantic) 71.......................................................................................78
2.71. Toám tùæt .............................................................................................78
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................78
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 72 ...................................................78
3.1. Giúái thiïåu ...........................................................................................78
Chûúng 3 HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 73....................................79
3.2. Caác thaânh phêìn cú baãn cuãa lûúåc àöì ......................................................79
3.2.1. Àöì thõ vaâ nöåi dung (Graphs and their Contents)..............................79
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................80
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 74 ...................................................80
3.3. Caác àûúâng dêîn (Drawing Paths) ..........................................................80
3.3.1. Caác liïn kïët êín vaâ vai troâ cuãa cöng cuå ............................................80
3.3.2. Thöng tin nïìn (Background Information).......................................80
3.3.3. Chuöîi (String), tïn (Name),nhaän (Label) vaâ tûâ khoáa .......................81
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................81
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 75 ...................................................81
3.4. Biïíu thûác (Expression)........................................................................81
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3.4.1. Ghi Chuá (Note).............................................................................81
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................82
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 76 ...................................................82
3.5. Sûå tûúng quan giûäa caác loaåi thaânh töë vaâ thïí hiïån cuãa noá ........................82
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................82
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 77 ...................................................82
3.6. Caác thaânh phêìn quaãn trõ mö hònh (model management).........................82
3.6.1. Goái (Package)...............................................................................82
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................83
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 78 ...................................................83
3.7. Caác thaânh phêìn quaãn trõ mö hònh (model management).........................83
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................84
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 79 ...................................................84
3.8. Subsystem ..........................................................................................84
3.8.1. Ngûä nghôa ....................................................................................84
3.8.2. Kyá hiïåu ........................................................................................84
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................85
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 80 ...................................................85
3.9 Caác thaânh phêìn quaãn trõ mö hònh (model management)..........................85
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................85
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 81 ...................................................85
3.10. Model ...............................................................................................85
3.10.1. Ngûä nghôa...................................................................................85
3.10.2. Kyá hiïåu ......................................................................................85
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................86
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 82 ...................................................86
3.11. Caác cú chïë múã röång töíng quaát............................................................86
3.11.1. Raâng buöåc (Constraint) vaâ chuá thñch (Comment)..........................86
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................87
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 83 ...................................................87
3.12. Kyá hiïåu .........................................................................................87
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................87
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 84 ...................................................87
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................88
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 85 ...................................................88
3.13. Thuöåc tñnh cuãa caác thaânh töë (Element Properties) ...............................88
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................89
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HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 86 ...................................................89
3.14. Caác mêîu (Stereotypes).......................................................................89
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................89
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 87 ...................................................89
3.15. Caác lûúåc àöì.......................................................................................89
3.15.1. Giúái thiïåu ...................................................................................89
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................90
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 88 ...................................................90
3.16. Lûúåc àöì lúáp (Class Diagram).............................................................90
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................91
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 89 ...................................................91
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................91
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 90 ...................................................91
3.17. Chûác nùng.........................................................................................91
3.17.1. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh..................................................................91
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................92
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 91 ...................................................92
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................93
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 92 ...................................................93
3.18. Interface ...........................................................................................93
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................94
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 93 ...................................................94
3.19. Caác loaåi quan hïå................................................................................94
3.19.1. Quan hïå kïët húåp (association)......................................................94
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................94
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 94 ...................................................94
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................95
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 95 ...................................................95
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................95
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 96 ...................................................95
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................96
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 97 ...................................................96
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................97
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 98 ...................................................97
3.20. Quan hïå töíng quaát hoáa .......................................................................97
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................97
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 99 ...................................................97
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SVTH: Lêm Nguyïîn Trung Nam - Lêm Quang Vuä
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................98
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 100 .................................................98
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................98
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 101 .................................................98
3.21. Quan hïå phuå thuöåc (Dependency) ......................................................98
Chûúng 3 ......................................................................................................99
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 101 .................................................99
3.22. Caác thaânh töë àûúåc tñnh toaán (hay àûúåc dêîn xuêët – derived Element)....99
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................100
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 103 ...............................................100
3.23. Lûúåc àöì àöëi tûúång (Object Diagram)................................................100
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................100
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 104 ...............................................100
3.24. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................100
3.24.1. Caác àöëi tûúång (Objects) ............................................................100
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................101
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 105 ...............................................101
3.25. Àöëi tûúång gheáp (Composite Object).................................................101
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................102
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 106 ...............................................102
3.26. Caác liïn kïët (Link) ..........................................................................102
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................103
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 107 ...............................................103
3.27. Lûúåc àöì Use Case (Use Case Diagram)............................................103
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................103
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 108 ...............................................103
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................104
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 109 ...............................................104
3.29. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................104
3.29.1. Caác Use case ............................................................................104
3.29.2. Caác taác nhên (Actors)................................................................104
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................105
Hïå thöëng kyá hiïåu (UML Notation) 110.........................................................105
3.30. Caác quan hïå trïn Use case ...............................................................105
Chûúng 3 HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 111................................106
3.31. Caác quan hïå trïn actor .....................................................................106
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................106
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SVTH: Lêm Nguyïîn Trung Nam - Lêm Quang Vuä
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 112 ...............................................106
3.32. Lûúåc àöì tuêìn tûå (Sequence Diagram) ...............................................106
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................107
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 113 ...............................................107
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................107
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 114 ...............................................107
3.33. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................107
3.33.1. Viïåc taåo vaâ huãy möåt àöëi tûúång...................................................108
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................108
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 115 ...............................................108
3.34. Thöng àiïåp khöng àöìng böå vaâ àïå qui ...............................................108
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................109
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 116 ...............................................109
3.35. Thúâi gian chuyïín thöng àiïåp trong lûúåc àöì tuêìn tûå ...........................109
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................109
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 117 ...............................................109
3.36. Lûúåc àöì cöång taác (Collaboration Diagram).......................................109
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................110
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 118 ...............................................110
3.37. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................110
3.37.1. Caác àöëi tûúång ...........................................................................110
3.37.2. Caác liïn kïët ..............................................................................110
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................111
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 119 ...............................................111
3.38. Thöng àiïåp vaâ caác kñch thñch ...........................................................111
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................112
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 120 ...............................................112
3.39. Cuá phaáp àùåt tïn nhaän .......................................................................112
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................113
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 121 ...............................................113
3.40. Lûúåc àöì traång thaái (Statechart Diagram)...........................................113
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................113
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 122 ...............................................113
3.41. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................113
3.41.1. Traång thaái (state) ......................................................................113
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................114
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 123 ...............................................114
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SVTH: Lêm Nguyïîn Trung Nam - Lêm Quang Vuä
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................115
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 124 ...............................................115
3.42. Traång thaái gheáp (Composite state)....................................................115
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................115
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 125 ...............................................115
3.42. Sûå kiïån (event)................................................................................115
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................116
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 126 ...............................................116
3.43. Caác chuyïín àöíi traång thaái àún giaãn (simple transitions) ....................116
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................117
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 127 ...............................................117
3.44. Caác chuyïín àöíi traång thaái phûác taåp (complex transitions)..................117
3.43.1. History Indicator.......................................................................117
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................118
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 128 ...............................................118
3.45. Caác traång thaái àöìng böå (synch states) ...............................................118
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................118
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 129 ...............................................118
3.46. Lûúåc àöì hoaåt àöång (Activity Diagram).............................................118
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................119
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 130 ...............................................119
3.47. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................119
3.46.1. Caác traång thaái haânh àöång (action state) ......................................119
3.46.2. Caác quyïët àõnh (decisions) ........................................................119
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................120
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 131 ...............................................120
3.48. Swimlanes vaâ àöëi tûúång trong lûúåc àöì hoaåt àöång..............................120
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................121
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 132 ...............................................121
3.49. Caác biïíu tûúång àiïìu khiïín ...............................................................121
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................122
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 133 ...............................................122
3.50. Lûúåc àöì thaânh phêìn (Component Diagram)......................................122
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................122
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 134 ...............................................122
3.51. Caác thaânh phêìn chñnh ......................................................................122
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................123
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SVTH: Lêm Nguyïîn Trung Nam - Lêm Quang Vuä
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 135 ...............................................123
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................123
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 136 ...............................................123
3.52. Lûúåc àöì triïín khai (Deployment Diagram) .......................................123
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................125
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 137 ...............................................125
3.53. Toám tùæt ...........................................................................................125
Chûúng 3 ....................................................................................................125
HÏÅ THÖËNG KYÁ HIÏÅU (UML Notation) 138 ...............................................125
3.54. Toám tùæt ...........................................................................................125
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 139 ...................................................................................................126
4.1. Giúái thiïåu .........................................................................................126
4.2. Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ........................................126
4.2.1. Khaái quaát vïì RUP.......................................................................126
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 140 ...................................................................................................127
4.3. Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ........................................127
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 141 ...................................................................................................128
4.4 Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) .........................................128
4.4.1. Kiïën truác cuãa RUP......................................................................128
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 142 ...................................................................................................128
4.5 Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) .........................................128
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 143 ...................................................................................................129
4.6. Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ........................................129
4.6.1. Cêëu truác tônh cuãa quy trònh..........................................................130
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 144 ...................................................................................................130
4.7. Giúái thiïåu Rational Unified Process (RUP) ........................................130
4.7.1. Caác àùåc àiïím phên biïåt cuãa RUP so vúái caác quy trònh phaát triïín phêìn
mïìm khaác ............................................................................................130
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 145 ...................................................................................................131
4.8. RUP têåp trung vaâo kiïën truác phêìn mïìm ..............................................131
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Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 146 ...................................................................................................132
4.9. RUP laâ quy trònh lùåp vaâ tùng trûúãng tûâng bûúác ...................................132
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 147 ...................................................................................................133
4.10. ÛÁng duång UML trong RUP .............................................................133
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 148 ...................................................................................................134
4.11. Mö hònh hoáa nghiïåp vuå (business modeling).....................................134
4.11.1. Mö hònh nghiïåp vuå (Business Use Case)....................................134
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 149 ...................................................................................................135
4.12. ÛÁng duång UML trong RUP .............................................................135
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 150 ...................................................................................................135
4.13. Mö hònh àöëi tûúång nghiïåp vuå (Business Object) ...............................135
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 151 ...................................................................................................136
4.13. Xaác àõnh yïu cêìu (requirements)......................................................136
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 152 ...................................................................................................137
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 153 ...................................................................................................137
4.14. Phên tñch (analysis) .........................................................................137
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 154 ...................................................................................................138
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 155 ...................................................................................................139
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 156 ...................................................................................................140
4.15. Thiïët kïë (design) .............................................................................140
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 155 ...................................................................................................141
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 155 ...................................................................................................141
4.16. Caâi àùåt (implementation) .................................................................142
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Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 159 ...................................................................................................143
4.16. Kiïím chûáng (test)............................................................................143
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 160 ...................................................................................................143
4.17. Phaát triïín möåt ûáng duång quaãn lyá giaáo vuå theo RUP...........................143
4.17.1. Giúái thiïåu ûáng duång ..................................................................143
4.17.2. Sú lûúåc yïu cêìu vaâ àùåc àiïím .....................................................144
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 161 ...................................................................................................144
4.18. Phaát triïín ûáng duång theo caác workflow cuãa RUP ..............................144
4.18.1. Mö hònh hoáa nghiïåp vuå (business modeling) ..............................144
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 162 ...................................................................................................145
4.19. Xaác àõnh yïu cêìu (requirements)......................................................145
4.19.1. Phên loaåi ngûúâi sûã duång (actor) vaâ tòm caác chûác nùng cuãa hïå thöëng
(use case) cho möîi loaåi ngûúâi sûã duång naây.............................................145
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 163 ...................................................................................................146
4.20. Phên loaåi caác use case theo àöå ûu tiïn ..............................................146
4.20.1. Lêåp sûu liïåu mö taã chi tiïët cho tûâng chûác nùng...........................146
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 164 ...................................................................................................148
4.21. Cêëu truác caác use case bùçng caách xaác àõnh caác quan hïå giûäa ...............148
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 165 ...................................................................................................148
4.22. Phên tñch (analysis) .........................................................................148
4.22.1. Phên tñch kiïën truác hïå thöëng ......................................................148
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 166 ...................................................................................................149
4.23. Phên tñch möåt use case.....................................................................149
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 167 ...................................................................................................150
4.24. Phên tñch möåt analysis class.............................................................150
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 168 ...................................................................................................151
4.25. Thiïët kïë (design) .............................................................................151
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4.25.1. Thiïët kïë kiïën truác ûáng duång.......................................................151
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 169 ...................................................................................................152
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 170 ...................................................................................................153
4.27. Phaát triïín möåt ûáng duång quaãn lyá giaáo vuå theo RUP...........................153
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 171 ...................................................................................................153
4.28. Thiïët kïë möåt use case ......................................................................153
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 172 ...................................................................................................155
4.28. Thiïët kïë möåt lúáp ..............................................................................155
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 173 ...................................................................................................156
4.28. Phaát triïín möåt ûáng duång quaãn lyá giaáo vuå theo RUP...........................156
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 174 ...................................................................................................157
4.29. Thiïët kïë möåt hïå thöëng con ...............................................................157
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 175 ...................................................................................................157
4.30. Caâi àùåt (implementation).................................................................157
4.30.1. Kiïën truác caâi àùåt (architectural implementation).........................157
4.30.2. Caâi àùåt vaâ tñch húåp hïå thöëng......................................................158
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 176 ...................................................................................................158
4.31. Caâi àùåt caác hïå thöëng con (subsystem)...............................................158
4.31.1. Caâi àùåt caác lúáp ..........................................................................158
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 177 ...................................................................................................159
4.42. Kiïím chûáng (test)............................................................................159
4.42.1. Lêåp kïë hoaåch kiïím chûáng..........................................................159
4.42.2. Thiïët kïë caác quy trònh kiïím chûáng (test case).............................159
4.42.3. Thûåc hiïån kiïím chûáng...............................................................159
Chûúng 4 ÛÁNG DUÅNG UML TRONG QUY TRÒNH PHAÁT TRIÏÍN PHÊÌN
MÏÌM 178 ...................................................................................................160
4.43. Toám tùæt .......................................................................................160
Chûúng 5 ....................................................................................................160
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TÖÍNG KÏËT 179..........................................................................................160
5.1. Kïët luêån............................................................................................160
Chûúng 5 ....................................................................................................161
TÖÍNG KÏËT 180..........................................................................................161
5.2. Hûúáng phaát triïín ...............................................................................161
Phuå luåc A....................................................................................................164
CAÁC KHAÁI NIÏÅM ......................................................................................164
Phuå luåc B ....................................................................................................169
CAÁC KYÁ HIÏÅU ...........................................................................................169
TAÂI LIÏÅU THAM KHAÃO ...........................................................................170
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LÚÂI CAÃM ÚN
Chuáng em xin chên thaânh caãm ún Khoa Cöng Nghïå Thöng Tin, trûúâng
Àaåi Hoåc Khoa Hoåc Tûå Nhiïn, TpHCM àaä taåo àiïìu kiïån cho chuáng em thûåc hiïån
àïì taâi töët nghiïåp naây. Chuáng em xin chên thaânh caãm ún Thêìy Dûúng Anh Àûác
vaâ Thêìy Lï Àònh Duy àaä têån tònh hûúáng dêîn, chó baão chuáng em trong suöët thúâi
gian thûåc hiïån àïì taâi. Chuáng em cuäng xin chên thaânh caãm ún quyá Thêìy Cö trong
Khoa àaä têån tònh giaãng daåy, trang bõ cho chuáng em nhûäng kiïën thûác cêìn thiïët
trong suöët quaá trònh hoåc têåp taåi trûúâng, vaâ cuäng xin gûãi loâng biïët ún sêu sùæc àïën
ba, meå, caác anh chõ vaâ baån beâ àaä uãng höå, giuáp àúä vaâ àöång viïn chuáng em trong
nhûäng luác khoá khùn cuäng nhû trong suöët nhûäng nùm hoåc vûâa qua. Mùåc duâ àaä cöë
gùæng hoaân thaânh luêån vùn vúái têët caã sûå nöí lûåc cuãa baãn thên, nhûng luêån vùn chùæc
chùæn khöng traánh khoãi nhûäng thiïëu soát nhêët àõnh, kñnh mong sûå caãm thöng vaâ
têån tònh chó baão cuãa quyá Thêìy Cö.
Nhoám thûåc hiïån
Trung Nam&Quang Vuä.
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